NU216 - Exam 2 Questions And Answers

NU216 - Exam 2 Questions And Answers Congenital abnormalities (males) - ANSWER- -Cryptorchidism -Hypospadias Hypospadias - ANSWER- Abnormal position of the urethral orifice Cryptorchidism - ANSWER- Undescended testes Treatment for cryptorchidism - ANSWER- Surgical correction What does GnRH stimulate? - ANSWER- The anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH. Where is sperm produced? - ANSWER- Seminiferous tubules Where does sperm gain final maturation? - ANSWER- Epididymis Spermatic cord - ANSWER- Suspends testicles from abdomen into inguinal region Paraphymosis - ANSWER- Inability to pull back foreskin back over glans penis to its normal position What is prostate surface antigen (PSA) for? - ANSWER- Used to assess prostate structure and function Bulbourethral glands - ANSWER- -Located below prostate -Produce lubricating fluid during sexual arousal Priapism - ANSWER- Persistent and painful erection Azoospermia - ANSWER- Absence of sperm in the semen Oligospermia - ANSWER- Low sperm count Genetic factors in poor spermatogenesis - ANSWER- Androgens and functional androgen receptor (AR) are needed for normal male development and function Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) - ANSWER- Benign growth of cells within the prostate gland Urinary symptoms of BPH - ANSWER- -Hesitancy -Urgency -Difficulty initiating stream -Frequency -Weak stream Symptoms of BPH - ANSWER- -Firm, painless, generalized growth of cells -Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) -Urinary symptoms Treatment of BPH - ANSWER- -Alpha-adrenergic blockers -5-alpha-reductase inhibitors Examples of alpha-adrenergic blockers - ANSWER- -Smooth muscle relaxants -Tamsulosin (Flomax) What do 5-alpha reductase inhibitors do? - ANSWER- -Block conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone -Blocks stimulation of prostate (decreases PSA) Causes of erectile dysfunction - ANSWER- -Alcoholism -Substance abuse -Certain prescriptions -Diabetes -Fatigue -Heart disease -Hypertension Treatment for erectile dysfunction - ANSWER- -Mechanical devices Implants -Pharmacologic treatment (injectable, oral) Prototype for penile erectile dysfunction drug - ANSWER- Sildenafil Indication for Sildenafil - ANSWER- 1. Erectile dysfunction 2. Treatment of pulmonary arterial HTN Action of Sildenafil - ANSWER- Inhibits PDES receptors, which causes the smooth muscle to relax in order to promote optimal blood flow to facilitate an erection Nursing education for Sildenafil - ANSWER- DO NOT take with nitrates (Nitroglycerin) Prototype for anabolic steroids - ANSWER- Oxandrolone Age range most common for testicular cancer - ANSWER- 15-35 years old Indication for Oxandrolone - ANSWER- 1. Promote body-tissue rebuilding 2. Reverse catabolic or tissue-destroying processes 3. Increase hemoglobin and red blood cell mass Nursing considerations when administering anabolic steroids (Oxandrolone) - ANSWER- Wash hands and clothes after applying the gel Treatment for testicular cancer - ANSWER- -Orchiectomy -Radiation Age range most common for prostate cancer - ANSWER- 50 years old Screening tests for prostate cancer - ANSWER- -DRE & annual prostate exam -PSA Varicocele - ANSWER- Dilations of veins within scrotum (cause of infertility) Hydrocele - ANSWER- Collection of serous fluid in the scrotum Hematocele - ANSWER- Collection of blood in the scrotal sac Clinical presentations of STIs in women - ANSWER- -Lower tract infection (vulva, vagina, cervix) -Upper tract infection (uterus, fallopian, ovaries) -Purulent discharge -Bleeding -Pelvic/abdominal pain -External lesions (some)