SCCJA block 4 Exam with 100% Correct Answers 2023

Evaluation procedures - Correct Answer-Minimum of 75% to qualify: 188 points out of 250 points TR-310 - Correct Answer-Collision reporting report 56-5-1520 - Correct Answer-Too fast for conditions Typically: rear impact collisions 56-5-1930 - Correct Answer-Following too closely Typically: rear impact collisions, can be misinterpreted as too fast for conditions Fail to yield right of way - Correct Answer-Typically: angular impact collisions 56-5-2310 to 56-5-2370 Disregarding Traffic sign or signal - Correct Answer-56-5-2740 Improper lane use/change - Correct Answer-56-5-1900 Department - Correct Answer-Means the department of motor vehicles when the term refers to the duties, functions, and responsibilities of the former motor vehicle division of the department of Public Safety and means the department of public safety otherwise and in section 57-3-840 56-5-1210: duties of driver involved in accident resulting in death or personal injury - Correct Answer-Drivers shall: stop at the scene or as close as possible; return to scene and reining until 56-5-1230 has been met; may leave temporarily to contact police; must stop so as not to obstruct traffic more than is necessary Failure to follow 56-5-1230 results in - Correct Answer-A misdemeanor when only minor injuries result, a felony when great bodily injured results, a felony when death results Great bodily injury - Correct Answer-Bodily injury that creates a substantial risk of death or which causes serious, permanent, disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of the function of a bodily member or organ Identify the three elements that must be present for deadly force to be employed. - Correct Answer-a. Ability b. Opportunity c. Jeopardy Sight alignment - Correct Answer-How you look through sights so front sight is aligned with rear sight SCCJA block 4 Exam with 100% Correct Answers 2023 When can deadly force be used? - Correct Answer-Self defense. b. In defense of another person. c. To prevent the commission of dangerous felony: murder, kidnapping, etc. d. To halt a fleeing felon who is an immediate significant threat of death or serious physical injury to others. Tennessee vs. Garner - Correct Answer-"Fleeing Felon Doctrine" Graham vs. Connor - Correct Answer-set forth a standard for police use of force, Out of that decision, two words that have become important in any use of force issue are reasonable and necessary Reasonable - Correct Answer-That which is reasonable is using or showing reasons or sound judgment and not extreme or excessive force. Necessary - Correct Answer-That which is necessary is that which must be done, is mandatory, or is compelled by circumstances. Ability - Correct Answer-Ability is having enough power or skill to do something Opportunity - Correct Answer-Opportunity is a combination of circumstances favorable for the purpose of time or a good chance or occasion to use one's ability. Probable cause must still exist Jeopardy - Correct Answer-Jeopardy is great danger, peril, or to have one's life in danger. Section 56-5-1220. - Correct Answer-Duties of driver involved in accident resulting in damage to attended vehicles. Where there are No injuries, and vehicle involved is obstructing traffic: - Correct Answer-Driver must Make every effort to safely move the vehicle to restore traffic flow Reporting of accidents occurring on private property - Correct Answer-A motorist is required to submit a written report to the South Carolina department of public safety of an accident that occurs on private property Investigation of accidents occurring on private property - Correct Answer-There is nothing to prevent law enforcement officer from entering private property in order to investigate the probability of a violation of law, especially when the area to be entered is an open area, such as a road or parking lot to which the public is invited Te-310 directions - Correct Answer-Standard direction Odd number on roadway or highway (us 321) - Correct Answer-Listed as North/south Even number on roadway or highway (us 176) - Correct Answer-Listed as east/west If the map direction of an even number route is actually north or south, - Correct Answer-Is must be converted If the map direction of an odd number route is actually east or west, - Correct Answer-It must be converted Conversions for direction - Correct Answer-North=east, south=west, east=north, west=south Base intersection - Correct Answer-Always the closest public roadway that interests the roadway that the collision occurred on Second intersection - Correct Answer-Located by measuring from the center of the base intersection to the collision location, then continuing in the same direction to the next intersection of a public roadway If the roadway has more than one highway number - Correct Answer-We report the collision as located on the lowest number highway If the roadway has not only two different route numbers but also different priorities - Correct Answer-We report the highest priority Roadways are prioritized in this order - Correct Answer-1: interstate, 2: US primary, 3: state primary, 4: secondary, 5: city or county roads, 6: others If block is 0 - Correct Answer-This supplemental is not required If there are 1 or more blocks with any number 1 or greater - Correct Answer-Then go to the persons involved section for additional qualifiers Persons involved report - Correct Answer-If no injuries and no vehicles towed, this report is not required Traffic collision data location - Correct Answer-Date, time of collision, time notified, time arrived, location, Number 1 responsibility - Correct Answer-Keep the collision from getting any worse How does an officer report to a traffic collision - Correct Answer-Don't assume other vehicles will yield to emergency personnel Accident - Correct Answer-The occurrence in a sequence (series) of events which usually produces unintended injury, death or property damage Motor vehicle Collision - Correct Answer-Any event that results in injury, death or property damage attributed directly or indirectly to the Morrison of a motor vehicle or its load does not include cataclysmic events Collision investigation - Correct Answer-An accident investigation is defined as the thorough examination of all elements, contributing to the collision, resulting in a wellfounded explanation of the series of events which occurred based upon the factual data Objectives of traffic collision investigation are similar to that of criminal investigation, objectives are to determine - Correct Answer-Who was involved, what happened, where did the collision occur, why did the collision occur, when did the collision occur Traffic enforcement programs - Correct Answer-Prosecution courts, selective enforcement Traffic engineering programs - Correct Answer-Public information, legislation, research to build better, roads; cars and to provide better signage traffic education programs - Correct Answer-Public support, public information At scene investigator - Correct Answer-At-scene investigator is the most important person on scene with respect to the collision investigation because a great deal of evidence can be lost if not documented on scene Courtesy: - Correct Answer-Basic politeness and being helpful will get you the most recognition from citizens Proceed quickly but safely - Correct Answer-Remember, the collision has already occurred and you cannot help if you do not arrive safely. Consider the urgency of the call. Arrival at the scene - Correct Answer-Keep the collision from getting worse, park in a manner that will maximize visibility and protect the scene, do not allow your car to become an unnecessary hazard Check for injures and call ems, render first aid if qualified but incompetent first aid may harm more than help - Correct Answer-True Traffic and crowd control - Correct Answer-Valuable evidence may be destroyed by traffic and bystanders, a single officer must set priorities and carry these out, blocked roadways may require rerouting traffic Setting up an investigative plan - Correct Answer-Guard against snap judgement and keep an open mind, never form conclusions without evaluating the facts, determine if collisions were staged, determine if collision was international acts such as homicide or suicide. Scene protection and examination - Correct Answer-Ensure evidence is not removed, stolen, altered or lost, find short lived evidence first and collect or preserve, examine all 3 components: the driver, the vehicle, and the roadway. Locate drivers asap - Correct Answer-Secure drivers license and registration and confirm the Information is correct, observe drivers for signs of intoxication, injury, fatigued or any other abnormal condition, question drivers separately; allowing them to tell their stories without interruption Locate witnesses to include passengers - Correct Answer-Must consider someone who claims to be a witness may be prejudiced or biased, friend of relative seeking attention or may not have seen the collision Interviewing guidelines - Correct Answer-Interview as soon as possible, make them feel at ease, do not suggest answers, be respectful; courteous and professional, be specific; make sure you understand the answers, do not argue with drivers or witnesses Closed questions - Correct Answer-Yes or no answers only Open questions - Correct Answer-Allow more in depth answers and involve, who, what, when , or how Leading questions - Correct Answer-Should never be asked during the course of an investigation. Leading question is one that suggests an answer to the witness after the investigation assumes a fact about the case. Drivers - Correct Answer-Majority if collisions are due to drivers failure to adjust to the existing conditions Mechanical - Correct Answer-Estimated to cause one half to one percent of all collisions Injury - Correct Answer-An injury is bodily harm to a person Fatal injury - Correct Answer-An injury they results in death Incapacitating Injury - Correct Answer-Any injury other than fatal injuries, which prevents the injured person from walking, driving , or normally continuing the fatigues age was capable of performing before the injury occurred Harmful event - Correct Answer-Occurrence injury or damage Intersection - Correct Answer-Area Which is embraced within the prolongation of the lateral curb lines Series of events - Correct Answer-Pre scene events and on scene events Pre scene events - Correct Answer-Lead up to the possible point of perception, pre-trip events and trip events Pre-trip Events - Correct Answer-Events occur prior to the trip beginning, include situations relevant to the driver and the vehicle, it is important to consider driver condition, it's important to consider vehicle conditions Trip events - Correct Answer-Occur after the trip has started and lead up to the point of possible perception, relevant to both driver and vehicle, for the vehicle they may include blowout, for driver they my include fatigue Possible point of perception - Correct Answer-Place and time at which a normal person can have perceived a hazard Perception delay - Correct Answer-The time involved firm the l'issi me point of perception to the actual point of perception Perception distance - Correct Answer-The distance traveled during perception delay Point of perception (actual perception) - Correct Answer-The place and time where a situation (hazard) is actually perceived Reaction - Correct Answer-The voluntary or involuntary response to a hazard or other situation that has been perceived Action point - Correct Answer-The place and time here the action is put into effect Perception reaction time - Correct Answer-Length of time necessary for a person to bother perceive and react to a Given situation (average 1.6 seconds) Perception reaction distance - Correct Answer-Distance traveled during perception reaction time Evasive action - Correct Answer-The action (or combination of actions) taken to a wood a perceived hazard (usually steering or breaking) Point (or area) of impact - Correct Answer-The place where a traffic unit strikes another traffic unti or some other objects or overturns Primary contact - Correct Answer-This is the point of first touch between two traffic units or a traffic unit and another object, where the vehicle first stricken the ground in an overturn Secondary contacts - Correct Answer-When a vehicle disengages, rotates, articles the opposing vehicle a second time. Post secondary contacts can occur when a vehicle stricken a third vehicle or other object Final position (final rest) - Correct Answer-The final position of a traffic unit after collision; it is critical that you determine if the final test positions you find on arrival are controlled or uncontrolled Stabilization situation - Correct Answer-A collision can be considered to be stabilized once all motion is stopped or control is regained Methods of preserving and recording evidence - Correct Answer-Written reports, field sketches, photographs, video recording Controlled position - Correct Answer-Position reached Intentionally after a collision Uncontrolled - Correct Answer-Position that the vehicle resides due solely to the forces of the collision At scene investigation - Correct Answer-Never turn the switch on or off to see if they work, this can destroy valuable evidence Contact and induced - Correct Answer-Two types of damage incurred by vehicles as a result of a collision Contact damage - Correct Answer-Occurs at the points of actual contacts only, can be outside or inside the vehicle Induced damage - Correct Answer-Damage to any part of the vehicle caused by some other part of the same vehicle or by the shock or force of the collision, on laminated safety glass; this usually results in parallel type fracture lines or a checker board pattern, usually away form the contact area. Skid marks - Correct Answer-Tire Mark that resurga from a tire in a locked wheel sliding over a roadway or other surface Offset skids - Correct Answer-Skid marks with offsets are chased when an outside force chases a change in the direction of a sliding vehicle. GAP skids - Correct Answer-Caused by releasing and reapplying the breaks intermittently attempting to create an abs breaking affect. The gaps between the marks are usually at least 15-20 feet in length Scrub Mark - Correct Answer-Tire Mark resulting from a wheel that is locked or hamsters during the collision so that the tire then slides along the roadway or other surface Scuff mark - Correct Answer-Tire make chased by fire that is both rotating and side slipping Yaw marks - Correct Answer-Shows a sideways skid, always curved Metal scars - Correct Answer-scratches, grooves and gouges are left when material is dug out of the roadway by strong and hard parts of a vehicle Debris - Correct Answer-Very important evidence to locate, identify and document but generally not the best evidence for determine point of impact, direction or speed Vehicle fluids - Correct Answer-If splattered or spilled onto the roadway are consider debris. Damage to Fixed Objects - Correct Answer-Include guardrails, fences, signs, buildings, and other structures on or next to a roadway Airborne vehicles - Correct Answer-Not unusual for vehicles to leave the ground during the collision Falls- - Correct Answer-No marks will be present from point it went airborne to the point it landed Flips - Correct Answer-Vehicle flips end over end or around the axis while in the air Pennsylvania va mimms (1977) - Correct Answer-That a police officer may as a matter of course order the driver of a lawfully stopped car to exit his vehicle Maryland vs Wilson (feb. 19,1997) - Correct Answer-Extends to all passengers as well What is a traffic stop - Correct Answer-Temporary detention of a driver of a vehicle by police to investigate a possible crime. Detection of violation - Correct Answer-Detection of the violation is based on reasonable suspicion and/or probable cause. Officers shall perform vehicle stops only when they have articulable reasons to do so Communications - Correct Answer-Intent to stop a vehicle, location, direction of travel, vehicle license number, nature of the stop, vehicle description, description of occupants Initiation of stop procedures - Correct Answer-Selection of the location, gain attention of the violator, anticipate the actions of the violator and observe Places to avoid stops - Correct Answer-Crests of hills, curves, large crowds: if people starts to gather and won't leave when told call for backup immediately If the violator flees - Correct Answer-If the driver attempts to flee the traffic stop, all safety considerations for the officer, citizens, and violator are important abs should be taken into account if a pursuit takes place. Follow departmental pursuit policy How close should your vehicle be from the violators vehicle - Correct Answer-Ability to see the rear tires of the violators vehicle as they rest on the pavement over the hood of the patrol vehicle. When it appears that the rear tires meet the hood, proper distance has been achieved Officer approaches - Correct Answer-Drivers side, passenger side, shine light into mirrors at night, safety latch your door, do the dodge wrap-around exercise, secure trunk on approach Driver side advantage - Correct Answer-Affords contact with the driver, affords control of the driver when exiting Driver side disadvantage - Correct Answer-Being hit by oncoming traffic (dirty side), In line of sight & line of fire, greater risk of being assaulted by the driver or drivers door Passenger side: - Correct Answer-non traditional, difficult to detect at night Passenger side advantange - Correct Answer-Safest approach from an in line stopping position or right offset position, keeps officer out of line of sight & fire, greater range of visibility, keeps officer away from the (dirty side) Passenger approach disadvantage - Correct Answer-Met be blocked by object on that side: guard rail, ditches, may have to share over with driver, resist change Actions of occupants - Correct Answer-Remain in the vehicle, exits and runs from the officer, exits and approaches the officer Exit & runs from officer - Correct Answer-Remain with your vehicle, call for backup & notify dispatch $ supervisor, do not approach to pursue alone Exits & approaches officer - Correct Answer-The violator may be attempting to show respect, the violator may want to deperiste from vehicle, violator may intend to assault or kill the officer When does threat assumentesi being - Correct Answer-It begins immediately Warning signs - Correct Answer-Cracked doors, driver or passenger scanning for officer approach, tinted windows, blocked windows, suspicious activity of occupants During your approach - Correct Answer-Check for traffic, avoid points of likely opposition, avoid "lag time" in points of likely opposition, avoid silhouetting, anticipate and observe. (Never assume) Dodge/wrap around exercise - Correct Answer-Is executed when the officer leaves the cover of his/her cruiser Where must flashlight alway be on approach - Correct Answer-In non gun hand Proper interview methods - Correct Answer-Be alert, be certain the observation of violation, present a professional image, be prepared for the contact by having the necessary forms and equipment readily available, inform violator of the law that has been violated Proper interview methods - Correct Answer-Allow the violator to reasonably discuss the violation, issue a citation or written warning Possible dangers - Correct Answer-Most of the crimes committed against our society are committed by a person who go will most likely end up traveling on our roads. Complacency does what - Correct Answer-It kills Types of traffic stops - Correct Answer-(Harris, 2003) a more accurate description is the other unknown, suspicious or highway risk depending on what information about the violator/suspect is available to the officer prior to the stop Is there a routine traffic stop - Correct Answer-No there is not Fatal errors - Correct Answer-Attitude: failure to keep your mind on you job, tombstone courage: in any situation where time allows- wait for the backup, not enough rest: to do your just you must be alert Consideration - Correct Answer-Traffic conditions, road conditions, citizen endangerment, citizen involvement, nature of the violation, continued threat assessment Warning signs - Correct Answer-the driver attempting to evade, suspicious activity of the occupants, no tags or covered tags Considerations - Correct Answer-these decisions may be based on environmental factors such as traffic flow or the availability of a shoulder on the side of the road; when writing a summons - Correct Answer-keep all passengers hands visible by; dashboard, steering wheel, back of headrest, roof if suspect is out of the car - Correct Answer-never let them back in the car possibility of weapons Violator remains in car - Correct Answer-Sidestep back to patrol car, sit on passengers seat with feet on ground, keep ticket book held up so you can view suspect Remove violator - Correct Answer-Place violator at his right rear taillight, violator faces patrol car to have "night blindness" at night, don't place violator in your car unless they are cuffed, searched, and under arrest Rule of thumb - Correct Answer-If the driver is seated, the officer can sit on the passengers side of the cruiser or stand. If the driver is standing, the officer must stand behind the passengers side of the cruiser Motorcycles - Correct Answer-Driver stays on bike, kickstand up, engine off, helmet removed, caution for tools Tractor trailers - Correct Answer-Give them time to stop, stay away from stopped in hills, can pull 40-50ft in front of truck, angled, call driver out Night stops - Correct Answer-Flood suspect vehicle with light, have driver turn inside dome light on, roll down all windows, use dark areas for your advantage, have driver facing towards lights if exits vehicle Suspicious vehicle stops - Correct Answer-Recognizing a suspicious vehicle- bias based policing by officers is unacceptable and prohibited. Suspicious stops - Correct Answer-Area: does vehicle "fit" the neighborhood, does the vehicle belong there Time: at the time of a reported crime, at inappropriate times Suspicious vehicle clues - Correct Answer-Manner driven: without lights, fresh damage, will not pass a patrol vehicle, BOLO, dark glasses Suspicious stops - Correct Answer-Drug indicators: open windows when cold to allow the odor to escape, cars with silt heading north in the winter, drivers who exit cars quickly, darkened windows. Stopping a suspicious vehicle - Correct Answer-Think about approach's position, and control, vehicle positioning, distance control challenge - Correct Answer-On a suspicious stop: give the driver commands, open van doors, approach the officer-do not leave cover, give suspects commands Identifying stolen vehicles - Correct Answer-Traffic violation, driver answers questions that have not been asked, ignition lock removed, drivers license does not match the registration or glove box contents, altered license plates, signed of forced entry Miranda rule - Correct Answer-Officers intending to ask suspects guilt seeking questions prior to a custodial interrogation should remember the Miranda rule. High risk stops Vehicle preparations - Correct Answer-Loose items secured, arm rest up, windows down (ability to track target after stop), situational considerations Communication - Correct Answer-Nature of intended traffic stop, location, allow adequate airtime for others to respond, all officers jot involved should stay off the radio Rapid deployment suspicious stops - Correct Answer-Since most firefights last 2 1/2 seconds, one officer=2 seconds or less, 2 officers= 3 1/2 seconds or less High risk stops objectives - Correct Answer-Cover- angel for max benefits from engine block, triangulation- go wide Containment - Correct Answer-Don't let them run, protect the community High risk traffic stop procedures - Correct Answer-The proper steps/procedures when it comes to stopping High risk suspects Challenge the car - Correct Answer-If you don't see anyone else in the car, challenge it numerous times as if there was someone in it Stress - Correct Answer-A physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension and may be factor in disease causation, can be positive or negative, affected by perception, affected by substances Physiological reactions - Correct Answer-Blood moves from organs to skeletal area, blood coagulability increases, most blood vessels constrict Condition: white - Correct Answer-Low level static arousal, normal resting heart rate Condition: yellow - Correct Answer-Officer is alert; readiness increased Condition: red - Correct Answer-115-145bpm, complex motor skills, visual/cognitive reaction times at peak, fine motor skills deteriorate, officer can be scared speechless Condition: gray - Correct Answer-Complex motor skills may break down, bilateral symmetry sets in Condition: black - Correct Answer-Cognitive processing deteriorates, vasoconstriction occurs, outer layer of body becomes tougher, less bleeding from wounds, loss of bear vision GAS stage 1: alarm - Correct Answer-Body totally aroused; all responses on stressor, short term survival tactic, body equips with enough energy to handle situation, cortisol quickly dumped into system: risks of damage- cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal system, immune system GAS stage 2: resistance - Correct Answer-Source of stress may be resolved, but body is attempting to bring the high of the event to within normal limits, inability to achieve "normal" may result in- forgetfulness, self-medication, impatience, anxiousness/irritability GAS Stage 3: burnout - Correct Answer-Stress has continued for a long period of time and body has a difficult time resisting because energy supply is depleted, most dangerous to officers health, symptoms include: substance abuse, digestive disorders, kidney/heart disease, allergic conditions, depression Sources of LE stress: Self - Correct Answer-Family needs and changes, nervousness about protecting public, disappointment when expectations not met, competency, fear of being second guessed Sources of LE stress: work - Correct Answer-Role conflict, frequent boredom, fear and danger, critical incidents, pressure of protecting others, exposure to human depravity Sources of LE stress: system - Correct Answer-Lack of follow up, perception of lenient court rulings, perceived lack of respect from public, negative media coverage Sources of stress: organization - Correct Answer-Shift work, unproductive management style, equipment deficiencies, police grapevine, politics ACTE - Correct Answer-Assess the situation, create a simple plan, take action, evaluate your progress Verbal command request - Correct Answer-Influences officers mind and conditions his actions, may be said a loud and used for others, but most often said silently in battle situations Goal conquering - Correct Answer-Perfect practice creates perfect performers, training period Create a winning mindset - Correct Answer-Conquer fear, move beyond fear to completely focus on the knowns Improved outcome formula - Correct Answer-Separate yourself form the situation, find improvement, recognize there is only one constant in every situation Back from war: finding normalcy - Correct Answer-Acknowledge that it happened, separate the memory from the emotion, recognize that some conditioned reflexes will take time to forget stress resilience - Correct Answer-Be in control, persevere, check your marriage, don't smoke or abuse alcohol or drugs Back to war positives - Correct Answer-Superior firearms and tactical skills, more discipline, higher ethical standards Back to war transition issues - Correct Answer-Low tolerance for citizens complaints, reduced level of empathy, high level of frustration with their families and civilians Effects of stress - Correct Answer-On the officer, on the family, on the agency Effects on the officer - Correct Answer-PTSD, emotional detachment, suicide, heart attacks, ulcers, weight gain, reduced morale Effects on the family - Correct Answer-Presence of gun in home, shift work and disruption of family rituals, officers need to feel control Effects on agency - Correct Answer-Reduced morale, tardiness or excessive leave, poor officer performance, negative media exposure Officer suicide risk - Correct Answer-35-39 years of age, 10-19 years of service, up to 20% may be misclassified, up to 64% slipped under radar Reasons officers kill themselves - Correct Answer-Depression, relationship conflicts, easy access to firearms, drug and alcohol abuse, financial difficulty Why don't officers seek help? - Correct Answer-Potential loss of gun and badge, being viewed as weak, fear of being placed on administrative assignments, fear of losing control and Signs of trouble - Correct Answer-Poor appetite, weight loss, sleep disturbances, loss of energy Suicide: officer circumstances - Correct Answer-Being terminated or IA investigation, decent unwanted move, loss of any major relationship Suicide: the Clues - Correct Answer-Direct: I wish I were dead, indirect: im so tired I can't go on. Suicide: AID Life - Correct Answer-Ask "are you thinking of hurting yourself", intervene, don't keep it a secret, locate help Critical incident stress affecting factors - Correct Answer-Perceptions, proximity, level of threat, responsibility Responses to traumatic stress - Correct Answer-Emotional numbing, social withdrawal, sleep difficulties, depressed Characteristics of a critical event - Correct Answer-Perceptual and memory distortion, memory increases up to 72% within 100 hours Debriefing - Correct Answer-Tell it from beginning to end, should be the beginning of officer support, intended to make officer whole again Threat assessment - Correct Answer-If it doesnt look right or feel right, it probably isnt right; dont approach- Call for Backup