FRESENIUS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRATED A+

Hand Washing - What is the #1 infection control practice for reducing the transmission of disease? Sharps - Anything that can puncture is considered what? Hepatitis B positive - What patients are dialyzed in the isolation room? MRSA, VRE, VRSA - Drug resistant infection that needs to be dialyzed in separate area (not isolation room) with dedicated equipment are Active TB - Patients that cannot dialyze in our outpatient faculties that require a negative pressure room have what? 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a bladder, & a urethra - What is the Urinary system made up of? Nephrons - What are the functional units of the kidneys? Glomerulus - What are nephrons composed of that are tangled clusters of capillaries surrounded by the Bowman's capsule that also consists of the tubules? Skin - What can be dry, itchy, & darkened on a patient with kidney failure? Cardiovascular - Potassium (K+) causes muscle weakness, including heart weakness which can lead to what types of issues for kidney failure patients? Digestive - Uremia causes nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, loss of appetite in ESRD patients-which system of the body? Acute Renal Failure - Happens suddenly & is generally reversible if the cause is corrected. Chronic Renal Failure - Happens slowly over a period of time (diabetes-#1 cause, hypertension-#2 cause), irreversible at stage 5, some type of Renal replacement therapy is needed. RBC production in the bone marrow - What is the primary cause of anemia in ESRD patients? Fluid - What can cause increase blood pressure & edema? Skeletal - With Calcitriol (active vitamin D) there is a decreased absorption of Calcium (Ca++) from the gut-what types of issues does this cause for patients? Pulmonary infection - Fluid in the lungs causes shortness of breath (SOB) & also puts patients at risk for what? Peritoneal Dialysis - What type of dialysis is done 24/7 at home, using pt.'s own membrane, uses a permanent catheter surgically implanted in abdomen, & performs an "exchange" by the pt. himself? Hemodialysis - Which type of dialysis uses an access where blood is removed then clean & returned to body, 3-5 hrs. For 3 days a week, & requires a machine, dialysate, & an access? Kidney Transplant - What option aside from dialysis & hospice does a pt. have that requires an intense work up, a donor, & anti-rejection drugs? Hospice - No treatment-goal is to keep patient comfortable until they pass away. Dialysate - Cleaning fluid that is composed of purified water, bicarbonate, & acid. Bicarbonate - Used in dialysate to neutralize body acidity. Acid - What in the dialysate bath contains electrolytes (including Ca++ & K++) that are adjusted depending on patients labs?