FRESENIUS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED TO PASS

Where is the path urine takes to exit the body? - Urinary Track - Kidneys - Ureters - Bladder - Urethra What is the relationship between dialysis and kidney function? - Fluid Removal, Waste Removal, Electrolyte Balance What is a solvent? - Fluids into which something is dissolved Water What is a solute? - A component that will be dissolved into a solvent Chloride Potassium Urea Creatinine What is a solution? - Fluid that contains a dissolved solute Blood What is a solution in the body? - Blood Contains Water, Red and White Cells, Electrolytes, Glucose What is a solution in dialysis? - Dialysate Water Acid Bicarbonate Where is water in the body? - Intracellular Fluid 70% Plasma (blood)10% Interstitial 20% How is fluid removed in dialysis? - Osmosis Where is fluid removed during dialysis? - Plasma (blood) Where is most of the fluid located in the body? - Intracellular What does TMP mean? - Transmembrane Pressure What does the TMP measure - the pressure difference across the membrane fibers inside the dialyzer THe pressure across the dialyzer membrane What is osmosis? - movement of fluid from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration until equilibrium is reached What is diffusion? - The movement of particles or solutes from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration until equilibrium is reached? What is ultraflitration? - The removal of fluid with added pressure What is a major factor affecting ultrafiltration? - Pressure What does a rise in TMP indicate during hemodialysis - Clotting Water in the dialysate is referred to as - RO Water If a patient does not have hypertension, what is the preferred access? - Fistula What is the access of choice for hemodialysis? - Fistula Why is this considered the most preferred access? - Lowest complication ratio what is a counter current flow? - blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions for optimum diffusion Why is counter current flow important in hemodialysis? - Improves waste removal Is dialysate used in hemodialysis sterile? - The dialysate used in hemodialysis sterile is NO The primarycause of anemia in the dialysis patient is a decrease in the production of - Erythropoietin Difussion can be defined as the movement of particles through __________ from _____________ - semipermiable membrane greater to a lesser solute concentration Access ________ can jeorpardize the adequacy of the dialysis treatment - recirculation Inadequate ______ or improper priming may contribute to clotted fibers - heparization Clotted fibers and air pockes decrease the surface area of the dialyser, which has the most impact on _________ - clearance The adequacy of a dialysis treatment may be compromised by inadequate ______ - heparization When a conductivity alarm occurs, the machine enters - bypass mode A blood leak alarm has occurred. There is no blood visible in the effluent dialysate. The presence of blood can be verified by testing the ________ with a blood leak test indicator - effluent dialysate When it is suspected a patient has an air embolism, the FIRST intervention should be to - clamp the venous bloodline