Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 (100% Accurate)

Treatment of choice for oral therapy of UTI's correct answers TMP/SMZ for 3 days; Nitrofurantoin for 5 days Second line drugs for UTI correct answers Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin for 3 days Nitrofurantoin correct answers Urinary tract antiseptic Nitrofurantoin uses correct answers Lower UTI's; prophylaxis; recurrent lower UTI's. (not absorbed systemically: cannot be used for anything in the kidneys) Nitrofurantoin adverse effects correct answers GI effects; pulmonary reactions; hematologic effects; peripheral neuropathy (demyelination and nerve degeneration can occur and may be irreversible); hepatotoxicity; birth defects Methenamine correct answers Decomposes to formaldehyde and ammonia; used for chronic lower UTI's; contraindicated in renal and liver failure; drug interactions - urinary alkalinizers, which reduce effects, sulfonamides pose risk for crystalluria Acute cystitis treatment correct answers Single dose therapy: fosfomycin; short-course therapy: TMP/SMZ for 3 days; conventional therapy: nitrofurantoin for 7 days Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis treatment correct answers First line: TMP/SMZ, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin for 10-14 days; second line: augmentin, cephalexin Complicated UTI treatment correct answers TMP/SMZ for 7-14 days, ciprofloxacin for 7-14 days, levofloxacin for 5-14 days, augmentin for 7-14 days, cephalexin for 7-14 days Recurrent UTI treatment correct answers Prophylaxis with TMP/SMZ 3 times weekly for 6 months; TMP at bedtime for 6 months; OR nitrofurantoin at bedtime for 6 months Acute bacterial prostatitis treatment correct answers -floxacins for 2-4 weeks Evaluation of drug sensitivity correct answers Best done with sputum culture (takes up to 16 weeks for results); drugs are chosen by patterns of drug resistance in the community and immunocompetence of the patient; a new automated TB assay can identify sensitivity to rifampin in 2 hours and confirm the presence of M. tuberculosis Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) correct answers Resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin Extremely drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) correct answers Resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, all fluoroquinolones, and at least one of the injectable second-line drugs First line treatment of TB correct answers Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Rifapentine and rifabutin are also considered to be first line