Cell Physiology Questions and Answers

Cell Theory - Answer-Every living thing is made up of cells Basic Tenent of biology .Prokaryotes - Answer-Cells with no nucleus lack internal cellular bodies called organelles do not divide by mitosis included= bacteria .Eukaryotes - Answer-Have nucleus Have organelles divide by mitosis included= plants, animals, humans .cell membrane - Answer-(also known as cell membrane) lies at the border of the cells primarily made up of proteins and lipids, especially phospholipids within the membrane, proteins carry out many functions semipermiable. .phospholipids - Answer-have a phosphorous-containing polar end and a non-polar end composed of the fatty acid chain. Polar end= "hydrophilic"; attracted to water Non-polar end= hydrophobic: avoids water Phospholipids permit the plasma membrane to grow when vesicles from the golgi bodies fuse with it. .Integral proteins - Answer-span the entire width of the membrane, protruding on both sies and serving as channels for membrane transport may also serve as carriers of organic molecules .Peripheral proteins - Answer-attach to the membrane surface many act as enzymes, and others help to bring about changes in cell shape during division & during cellular contractions .diffusion - Answer-the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration occurs because the molecules are constantly colliding with one another, and the molecules tend to move away from where they are most concentrated. .Concentration Gradient - Answer-the pathway that molecules take during difusion .Osmosis - Answer-diffusion of water molecules across a semiprmeable membrane from an area of low solute (water) concentration to an area of high concentration