ARF/ARDS/Mechanical Ventilation Exam With Complete Solution

Causes of Respiratory Acidosis - Answer (Hypoventilation) - Drug overdose - Pneumonia - Pulmonary edema - Pneumothorax Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis - Answer (Hyperventilation) - Pain - Anxiety - Fever - Asthma - ARDS Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - Answer (Acid gain) - Renal failure - DKA - Salicylate drug overdose Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Answer - Excess ingestion of antacids - Excessive administration of NaHCO3 - Loss of metabolic acids as with • Vomiting • Lavage (purging) • Excessive diuretics Early Signs of Acute Respiratory Failure - Answer - Restlessness - Irritability - ALOC - Fatigue - Headache - Dyspnea - Tachycardia - Adventitious breath sounds Late Signs of Acute Respiratory Failure - Answer - Lethargy - Kussmaul breathing pattern - Diaphoresis - Use of accessory muscles - Decreased breath sounds Signs of Respiratory Arrest - Answer - Bradypnea - Obtundation - Bradycardia - Hypotension or no BP Causes of ARDS - Answer - Aspiration - DIC - Inhalation of smoke or chemical irritants - Shock - Trauma - Major Surgery - Fat or Air embolism