LPC 68 Whiskey Exam Questions & Answers Solved 100%

What is a microorganism? - Answer Living cells found almost everywhere in the environment What is a pathogen? - Answer Microorganism that causes disease ____________ forming bacteria are the most difficult to control and destroy - Answer Spore What microorganism needs a host to make a protein and energy? - Answer Viruses What are standard Precautions? - Answer A combination of universal precautions designed to reduce risk of transmission of pathogens that involves BSI (Body Substance Isolation). All patients are considered infected. What are the three types of transmission based precautions, what do they entail, and what diseases do they protect against? - Answer Airborne - tiny microorganisms from evaporated in droplets suspended in the air diseases include TB, measles, chickenpox Droplet - microorganisms are propelled through the air diseases include meningitis, pneumonia, streptococcal pharyngitis, and rubella Contact - direct contact with a susceptible host and an infected person. diseases include respiratory, skin , and wound infections. Herpes simplex virus What is reverse isolation and who would be eligible to receive it? - Answer Neutropenic (reverse isolation) precautions are to keep microorganisms from the outside environment away from a patient with a weakened immune system. Eligible patients include burns or bone marrow transplants. HIV, patients undergoing chemotherapy or incredibly ill patients. 'What is surgical asepsis? - Answer A sterile technique where no organisms are carried to the patient and microorganisms are destroyed from surfaces before they can enter the body What is the most frequent mode of disease transmission? - Answer Direct Contact What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease? - Answer Hand Washing How long should an individual wash their hands for? - Answer The duration will be a minimum of 10 to 15 seconds, or 2 minutes or longer depending on the potential for contamination List the stages of infection. - Answer 1. Pathogenic Mircoorganism 2. Reservoir 3. Portal of Exit 4.Vehicle of Transmission 5. Portal of Entry 6. Susceptible Host P R P V P S What is virulence? - Answer The pathogens strength to cause disease What are the NORMAL COURSE of infection? - Answer Incubation Period Prodromal Stage Full Stage of Illness Convalescent Stage I, PFC Infection What is a Nosocomial Infection? - Answer Infections that patients acquire while in the health care facility Getting sick in the hospital is not so comical What authority allows you to dispense direction? - Answer Off line medical direction What should you do if the dose ordered for a patient by a provider is incorrect? - Answer You should recheck the dosage with the provider about the suitability of any medication. What is drug tolerance? - Answer A progressive decrease in the effectiveness of a drug What are the six rights? - Answer Right Patient Right Medication Right Dose Right Route Right Time Right Documentation What are the signs and symptoms of mild to moderate allergic reaction? - Answer Involves a generalized body response: Pruritis - itching Hives or Urticaria Reddish skin - Erythema Swollen, watery, itchy eyes Increased heart rate What are the signs and symptoms of a sever allergic reaction? - Answer Signs show immediately: Airway compromise including hoarseness, stridor, edema Wheezing Low Blood Pressure Tachycardia Angioedema - Diffuse swelling What is the treatment for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis? - Answer -Secure the airway -Give supplemental oxygen and perform PPV if needed -Epinephrine What parts of the needle are sterile? - Answer Everything but the cap What factors influence the length of the needle used? - Answer -Type of injection -Size of the patient -Injection Site What is the length for Intradermal (ID) Injections? - Answer 1/4" to 1/2" What is the purpose of Intradermal (ID) injections? - Answer To test for exposure of diseases and allergies What are the injection sites for intradermal injections? - Answer Inner forearm, flat portion. Free of hair, tattoos, and scars At what angle should the need be inserted to deliver an Intradermal (ID) Injection? - Answer 15 - 20 degree angle What is the purpose of Subcutaneous (SQ) Injections? - Answer Used for SLOW absorption and for small amounts of watery and nonirritating medications. What are the injection sites for a Subcutaneous (SQ) injection? - Answer -Upper arm - Not to exceed 0.5ml -Vastus Lateralis - Not to exceed 2ml -Abdomen What are the need characteristics for a Subcutaneous (SQ) Injection? - Answer Length 1/2" to 1" Gauge (diameter) range 23 to 25 (*Very small because we are administering a watery medication) What is the angle of insertion for a Subcutaneous (SQ) Injection? - Answer 45 degree angle and about 1/2" from the skin surface What is the purpose of Intramuscular (IM) Injections? - Answer Rapid absorption rate (10 - 20 minutes) and long duration. Used to administer thick or viscous medications Used when a large volume of medication is needed for a stronger effect What are the sites for Intramuscular (IM) Injections? - Answer -Deltoid Muscle - 2ml -Gluteus Maximus - Upper outer quadrants 5 ml -Vastus Lateralis 5ml What are the needle characteristics for Intramuscular (IM) injections? - Answer Gauge (diameter) range, 20-22 Length depend on pt. age, size, and condition What is the angle of insertion for Intramuscular (IM) Injection? - Answer at 90 degree angle How are clean needles recapped? - Answer The scoop method When are filter needles used? - Answer Normally when drawing medications from an ampule What are broad spectrum antibiotics? - Answer Effective against a wide range of microorganisms What are narrow spectrum antibiotics? - Answer Effective against only a few microorganisms What are the advantages and disadvantages of oral antibiotics? - Answer Advantages: oldest method, safest, most convenient, most economical, easy to give Disadvantages: Vomiting as a result of GI irritation, requires a cooperative patient, slow absorption rate What are the effects of NSAID toxicity? - Answer -Gastric irritation -Lack of appetite -Prolonged clotting time What are histamines? - Answer A substance for gastric secretion and causes capillary, constriction of bronchial smooth muscle, and decreases blood pressure