LPC 68W ALC Phase 3 Exam Questions With Correct Answers

pharmacology - Answer study of substances that interact with living organisms through chemical processes medical pharmacology - Answer science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease indication - Answer reason or condition for which a particular medication is given dose - Answer amount of medication given within a specified period of time single dose - Answer amount of medication administered at one time maximum dose - Answer the largest amount of medication either as a single dose or within a period of time cumulative dose - Answer sum of all single doses over either a lifetime or a period of time strength - Answer amount of medication contained per tablet, capsule, suppository, etc titration - Answer administering a medication with variable strength, interval, and quantity to achieve and maintain a desired observable physiological effect (pain ctrl) contraindication - Answer medical reason not to give a medication absolute contraindication - Answer medical reason to NEVER give a medication relative contraindication - Answer medical reason a medication should not be given, but may be acceptable in certain circumstances allergy - Answer immune response in which there is a hypersensitivity response induced by exposure to a particular medication side effect - Answer unintended, but not surprising consequence of a medication which may require a medication dose be changed or discontinued therapeutic effect - Answer desired change in physiology for administering the medication therapeutic level - Answer blood level of a medication required to achieve the therapeutic effect toxic level - Answer blood level of a medication which will cause tissue damage therapeutic range - Answer variable blood levels of a medication between the therapeutic level and the toxic level therapeutic window - Answer range of acceptable DOSAGES of a medication needed to keep blood levels within the therapeutic range peak - Answer when medication is at its highest concentration trough - Answer lowest blood level of a medication between doses half-life - Answer time it takes for the body to eliminate half the dose of medication steady state - Answer relatively constant blood level of medication which is sustained after 5-6 half lives of a medication tolerance - Answer when the body has adapted to having a medication regularly and now requires a higher or more frequent doses to achieve the therapeutic effect resistance - Answer when infectious organisms adapt to antibiotics and it takes either higher doses of same medication or a change to a different medication to kill the organisms metabolism - Answer process of the body to break down and eliminate medications most metabolized by the liver or kidneys dosing interval - Answer recommended time period between doses of a medication onset - Answer time until a medication's therapeutic effect begins duration of effect - Answer time until the medication's therapeutic effect wears off duration of therapy - Answer length of time a course of medication is continued to ensure the desired effect is maintained dosing parameters - Answer the limitations, considerations, and instructions required regarding a medication; helps achieve the desired physiological response minimize side effects Body weight, Comorbidities, Age - Answer What are factors that affect dosing Importance for patients to understand dosing parameters - Answer -too little: not achieve therapeutic effects -too much: increased side effects/toxic levels Antibiotics - Answer Medications which kill or inhibit the reproduction of bacteria Gram Stain Testing - Answer Categorizes bacteria classification based upon chemical properties in the cell's membrane. Gram positive - Answer Indicates the presence of peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan - Answer the substance that forms a tough, rigid structure of the bacterium cell wall Gram Negative - Answer the cell membrane outer structure consists of a cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a thin layer of peptidoglycan. Aerobic - Answer bacteria that thrives only in an oxygen environment Anaerobic - Answer bacteria that grow well in the absence of oxygen Viruses and fungi - Answer Antibiotics are not effective on what? Sexually or asexually - Answer How do fungi reproduce Penicillin - Answer Effective against gram positive aerobic organisms 1st Gen Cephalosporin - Answer Effective against gram positive bacteria 2nd Gen Cephalosporin - Answer Effective against gram positive bacteria 3rd Gen Cephalosporin - Answer Effective against both gram positive and negative bacteria 4th Gen Cephalosporin - Answer Effective against both gram positive and negative bacteria Cephalosporin - Answer Patients with allergies to PCN's have 10-20% risk of being allergic to... Macrolides - Answer Stimulates motilin receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and may cause diarrhea. Tetracyclines - Answer Inhibit growth of bacteria therefore works slowly; posses anti-inflammatory effect; don't use on children or pregnant women Quinolones - Answer Long term use may have increased risk of spontaneous tendon rupture Sulfonamides - Answer Sulfa based, broad spectrum antibiotic; effective against MRSA Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) - Answer Safer than most antibiotics; Pregnancy Category B Tinea cruris - Answer jock itch Tinea corpus - Answer ring worm Undecylenic Acid - Answer Army foot powder Tinea pedis - Answer atletes foot Liver - Answer Where is Tylenol metabolized at? N - acetylcysteine (Muconyst) - Answer What is the antidote for Tylenol? Paracetamol - Answer Tylenol may be labeled a what in Europe or Asia Reduce 1-2 points - Answer How much will NSAIDS help in regards to the pain scale of 1-10 COX-1 - Answer Can lead to gastric ulcers; Ex. Naprosyn COX-2 - Answer Decreases inflammation only; Ex. Mobic Corticosteroids - Answer Stimulate cortisol, an anti-inflammatory steroid produced in the adrenal glands Class 1 (strongest) to class 7 (weakest) - Answer How are topical steroids categorized Short Acting Beta Agonists - Answer Rapidly open the bronchi and are useful in acute cases such as asthma attacks Long Acting Beta Agonists - Answer Slow onset and longer duration; usually compounded for treatment of chronic asthma H1 blockers sedating - Answer Benadryl, Hydroxyzine H2 blockers - Answer Zantac H1 blockers non-sedating/less sedating - Answer Allegra/Zyrtec, Claritin Reglan (metoclopramide) - Answer Pro-motility agent which helps the stomach pass its contents into the small intestine faster antispasmodics - Answer Smooth muscle relaxers that relax the cramping of diarrhea Antidiarrheals - Answer Cause watery stool to become more formed Stool Softners - Answer Cause constipation to be relieved or prevented by adding bulk to the stool. Laxatives - Answer Cause increased peristalsis to relieve constipation by altering water and electrolyte secretion producing net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - Answer End result of a significant blow or penetrating injury to the head that disrupts normal brain function Blast Injuries - Answer #1 cause of TBI MVC, GSW, Unspecified Blunt trauma, Airborne and fast rope operations - Answer MOIs of TBI Mild, Moderate, Severe - Answer Classifications of TBI's Mild TBI - Answer Most common type of TBI, often missed, "Dead Man Walking", Transient confusion, delayed verbal and motor responses, disorientation, slurred or incoherent speech, any period of LOC - Answer S/S of Mild TBI Moderate/Severe TBI - Answer Penetrating injuries, lucid but deteriorate LOC, personality change, severe persistent headache, repeated vomiting, seizures, inability to waken dilation of pupils, slurred speech, loss of coordination - Answer S/S of moderate/severe TBI Military Acute Concussion Evaluation (MACE) - Answer Good tool to form neurological/cognitive baseline before deployment MC4 - Answer Most effective modality to capture data for TBI testing Semiannually or as mission dictates - Answer When should TBI testing be done baseline results, MACE results, exposure proximity and frequency to blasts, retest and compare results throughout deployment - Answer Tracking documents for TBI should include what History and examination - Answer MACE is broken down into 2 areas of concern