68W ALC LPC Exam Questions With Verified Answers

Is the study of substances that interact with living organisms through chemical processes - Answer pharmacology Is the science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease - Answer Medical pharmacology The reason or conditions for which a particular medication is given - Answer Indication The amount of medication given at or within a specified period of time - Answer Dose The largest amount of medication either as a single dose or within a period time (such as 24 hours) i.e max dose for Tylenol for an otherwise healthy adult is 3000mg - Answer Maximum Dose administering a medication with variable strength, interval, and quantity to achieve and maintain a desired, observable physiological effect - Answer Titration a medical reason to NEVER give a medication - Answer Absolute Contraindication a medical reason a med should not be given but may be acceptable in certain circumstances - Answer Relative contraindication hypersensitivity response induced by exposure - Answer Allergy an unintended but not surprising consequence of a medication (besides an allergy) - Answer Side effect the desire change in physiology for administering the medication - Answer Therapeutic effect the blood level of a medication required to achieve the therapeutic effect - Answer Therapeutic level the blood level of a medication which will cause tissue damage - Answer Toxic level When medication is at its highest concentration - Answer Peak the lowest blood level of a medication between doses - Answer Trough the time for the body to eliminate 1/2 of the dose of medication - Answer Half-life a relatively constant blood level of medication which is sustained after 5-6 half-lives of medication - Answer Steady State the body has adapted to having a medication regularly and now requires higher or more frequent doses to achieve the therapeutic effect - Answer Tolerance when infectious organisms adapt to antibiotics or antivirals and it takes either higher doses of the same medication or a change to a different medication to kill the organisms - Answer Resistance the process of the body to break down and eliminate medications - Answer Metabolism the recommended time period between doses of a medication - Answer Dosing interval the time until a medication's therapeutic effect begins - Answer Onset the time until the medication's therapeutic effect wears off - Answer Duration of Effect the length of time a course of medication is continued to ensure the desired effect is maintained - Answer Duration of Therapy All of the limitations, considerations and instructions required, regarding a medication, to help achieve the desired physiological response while minimizing side effects - Answer Dosing parameters other medical problems which may affect metabolism or may make the patient more susceptible for a side effect or toxicity - Answer Comorbidities medications which kill or inhibit the reproduction of bacteria - Answer Antibiotics categorizes bacteria into either a GRAM POSITIVE or GRAM NEGATIVE - Answer Gram Stain Testing usually constant for each dose, but may change - Answer Strength of medication this is usually based on an hourly time interval or a number of times per day - Answer Frequency of each dose indicates the presence of peptidoglycan (is the substance that forms a tough and rigid cell wall) retains color of gram stain - Answer Gram positive indicates that the cell membrane out structure consists of a cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a thin layer of peptidoglycn does not retain color from gram staining - Answer Gram negative bacteria that thrives only in an oxygen environment - Answer Aerobic bacteria that only grow well in the absence of oxygen - Answer Anaerobic T/F antibiotics are not effective on virus and fungi - Answer True Fungi are living organisms which can reproduce how? - Answer sexually or asexually damaging or destructive to liver cells - Answer hepatotoxic 1. Metabolized in the liver 2. Max dose of 1g given 3 times a day 3. 15mg/kg 4 times a day for children less than 12 years of age - Answer Acetaminophen How much Acetaminophen will cause harm to your liver? - Answer 150mg/kg or 7-10g Is a non-narcotic opioid agonist used for moderate to moderately severe pain - Answer Tramadol (Ultram) Tramadol dosage - Answer 50-100 mg every 4-6 hours not to exceed 400mg daily What medication has been prohibited for use in combat theaters except in cases of medical necessity because of concern for worsened hemorrhaging due to its affect on platelet function - Answer Aspirin NSAIDs block how many cyclo-oxygenase (COX) - Answer COX 1 and COX 2 involved in the formation of prostaglandins that maintain the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa (NSAIDs) - Answer COX-1 made primary in response to injury of inflammation (NSAIDs) - Answer COX-2 inhaled medications used to open the bronchi for improved airflow, usually in asthmatics - Answer Bronchodilators What are the 2 types of bronchodialators - Answer Short Acting Beta Agonists (SABA) Long Acting Beta Agonists (LABA) rapidly open the bronchi and are useful in acute cases such as asthma attacks and pneumonia - Answer SABA Work to open and drain mucous membranes in the nasal passages and eustachian tube - Answer Decongestants Primary histamine receptors are what? - Answer H1 and H2 causes bronchoconstricition local swelling, itching, motion sickness, and allergic rhinitis - Answer H1 receptors cause increased acid production in the stomach ie ranitidine (zantac) and cimetidine (Tagamet) - Answer H2 receptors decrease nausea and vomiting - Answer Anti-emetics TCCC guidance published in August 2014 advocates the use of what drug over promethazine for the following reasons: is safer and has no Black Box Warnings - Answer Ondansetron smooth muscle relaxers that relax the cramping of diarrhea - Answer Antispasmodics cause watery stool to become more formed - Answer Antidiarrheals cause constipation to be relieved or prevented by adding bulk to the stool - Answer Stool softeners cause increased peristalsis to relieve constipation by altering water and electrolyte secretion producing net intestinal fluid accumulation - Answer Laxatives What are the three classifications of TBIs? - Answer Mild Moderate Severe Blast are the number once cause of TBI, but what other mechanisms can cause a TBI? - Answer 1. MVA 2. GSW 3. Unspecific blunt trauma 4. ABN and fast rope injuries What are red flags? - Answer ominous signs of a worsening condition Name at least three Red Flags that dictate evacuation to a higher echelon of care? - Answer 1. Declining LOC 2. Pupil asymmetry 3. Seizures 4. Repeated vomiting is the end result of a significant blow or penetrating injury to the head that disrupts normal brain function - Answer Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) number one cause of TBI? - Answer Blast injuries Most common type of TBI? - Answer mTBI (mild) aka dead man walking What are the sig/sym of mTBI - Answer Transient confusion Delayed verbal & motor responses Disorientation Slurred or incoherent speech Any period of loss of consciousness