ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certification Exam Review (2023/ 2024 Update) Guide with Verified Answers|100% Correct

ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certification Exam Review (2023/ 2024 Update) Guide with Verified Answers|100% Correct Q: Pluripotent Stem Cell Answer: -The cells of the immune system are created in the bome marrow from what is know as a ___ -A stem cell that can differentiate into any cell type except for extraembryotic tissue, does not yet have a function Q: Myeolid Precursor Cells Answer: Mature into: -RBCS -Plts -WBCs (Granulocytes) Q: Lymphoid Precursor Cells Answer: Mature into: -Specialized WBCs called lymphocytes (Agranulocytes) Q: Lines of Defense: The Immune System's Response to Attack Answer: Consists of 2 types of immunity: 1: Innate 2: Adaptive Q: Innate Immunity Answer: -First line of defense against a pathogen -Does not retain memory of the entity -Involves the following: (skin, mucous membranes, and normal flora of the skin and gut) (Cellular components such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, and macrophages) Q: 1. Phagocytes 2. Natural Killer Cells 3. Granulocytes 4. Macrophages Answer: 1.Cells that engulf and destroy invader 2. Cells that sense receptors on self and non-self to determine if they should kill or not 3. Type of WBC that have granules (Neutrophils Eosinophils - parasites Basophils - release histamine to stimulate immune response) 4. Large phagocytic cells stimulated by infection Q: Adaptive Immunity Answer: -Stimulated if innate immunity is insufficient -leads to immune system memory -Humoral immunity -Cell-mediated immunity -Regulatory T-cells Q: Humoral Immunity Answer: -B-Cells -Memory B-Cells -Plasma act to produce immunoglobulins (Igs) or antibodies Q: B-Cell Answer: -each one is programmed to make one specific antibody -Can recognize antigens whether they are freely circulating in the blood or attached to surface of a microbe -When dividing, can become plasma cells which will then begin secreting antibodies that are unique to that antigen Q: Plasma Cells Answer: -some plasma cells will undergo apoptosis -Some will go to the BM where they will continue to secrete antibodies sometimes for years Q: Cell-Mediated Immunity Answer: Depends upon cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells and their cyokinds -more effective against antigens within cells Q: Regulatory T-cells AKA suppressor T-Cells Answer: regulate the immune response to prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses Q: T-Cell Answer: -Can only recognize antigens when they are presented to them by "presenting cells" -Recognize phagocytized fragments of an antigen that are put on the surface of antigen-presenting cells Q: Helper T-Cells (CD4+) Answer: -help other T-Cells by secreting chemicals -Help B Cells to respond -rapidly divide, in an effort to stay ahead of the antigen dividsion -some will turn into effector cells, which secrete different kinds of cytokines -respond similarly to B-Cells