10/27/23, 6:37 AM Pediatric ATI RN Notes
Pediatric ATI
Chapter 1
Parenting styles
Dictatorial or authoritarian not really good parents
Democratic or authoritative very good parents
Passive
Chapter 2
Physical assessment findings
Everything is going to be higher except for BP
Infant HR: 80-180 RR: 30-35 BP: 65-80/40-50
Fontanels – flat and soft
o Posterior closes between 6 & 8 weeks
o Anterior closes between 12 & 18 months
Teeth – 6 to 8 teeth by 1 year
o 20 baby teeth and 32 permanent teeth
Reflexes ** chart on pg. 10
o Moro
o Tonic neck reflex
o Babinski
Cranial nerves ** chart on pg. 11
o Olfactory
o Optic
o Oculomotor
o Trochlear
o Trigeminal
o Abducens
o Facial
o Acoustic
o Glossopharyngeal
o Vagus
o Spinal accessory
o Hypoglossal
Chapter 3
Infants
Baby’s birth weight will double by 6m and triple by 12m
Infants will grow 1 inch per month (2.5 cm) for the first 6m of life and at 12m their birth length has increased by 50%
First teeth erupt between 6 and 10m
Gross and fine motor skills
o By 3m a baby should only have slight head lag
o 4m should be able to roll from back to side
o 5m roll from front to back
o 6m roll from back to front and hold a bottle
o 7m move object from hand to hand
o 8m sit unsupported
o 9m crude pincer grasp
o 10m prone to sitting position and grasp a rattle by handle
o 11m put objects into a container and have a neater pincer grasp
o 12m try to build a 2-block tower and won’t succeed
Piaget cognitive developmental stages
o Sensorimotor (birth to 24m)
Separation
Object permanence – around 9m
Mental representation
3-5 words by 1yr
Concept of no
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,10/27/23, 6:37 AM Pediatric ATI RN Notes
Erikson’s: Trust vs. mistrust birth – 1yr.
o Caretaker meeting the needs of the infant
Separation anxiety begins to occur around 4-8m of age
Stranger fear 6-8m of age
Rattles, Blocks, Brightly colored toys, Mirrors, Patty cake
Immunizations
o Birth –hep B
o 2m – hep B, IPV, RV, PCV + dtap & HIB
o 4m – all of the 2m – the hep B
o 6m – hep B + all the previous
o Flu shots 6m-1 yr.
Nutrition
o Breast milk first 6m
o Solids 4-6m & first solid is usually iron fortified rice cereal
o No juice or water is not needed for first year
o Foods introduced one at a time over a 4-7 day period to monitor for allergies
Choking/aspirating – grapes, coins, candy
Burns – sunscreen, handles turned away on stove, electrical outlets are covered
Drowning
Rear facing car seat until 2yrs.
Crib slats are no more than 6cm apart, no pillows, and sleep on back
Chapter 4
Toddlers
4x their birth weight by 30m
3 inches per year (7.5 cm)
Head and chest circumference are about equal – compared to when they are born, and their head is wider than their chest
Gross and fine motor skills
o 15m expect walking without help + should be able to build 2 block tower
o 18m can throw a ball over hand
o 2 yr. can walk up and down stairs by placing feet on each step + 6/7 block tower
o 2.5 yrs. Can jump with both feet + draw circles
Language
o 1 yr. = 1 word sentences “hollow phrases”
o 2 yr. = 2-3-word sentences
Erikson’s stages – autonomy vs shame and doubt
o Independence
o Begin to express selves by saying no a lot
o Thrive on rituals – maintain routines
Age appropriate activities – blocks, push pull, thick crayons, puzzle
Toilet training begin when they have recognized the sensation that they need to go potty
Immunizations
o 12-15m – IPV, PCV + MMR & varicella + HIB
o 12-23m – Hep A 2 doses/6m apart
o 15-18m – dtap + annual flu vaccine
Nutrition
o Breast milk or formula through 1 year
o 1-2 year whole milk
o After 2 can transition to low fat
o Limit juice consumption – 4-6oz per day
o Prevent choking nuts, grapes, hot dogs, peanut butter, raw carrots, tough meat and popcorn
Burns, drowning, falls, aspiration prevention
Chapter 5
Preschoolers
4.5-6.5 pounds per year
2.5-3.5 inches per year (6-9 cm)
Gross motor skills
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, 10/27/23, 6:37 AM Pediatric ATI RN Notes
o 3yr. can ride tricycle + jump off bottom step on stairs
o 4yr. can skip and hop on q foot + throw ball over head
o 5 can jump rope
Cognitive development
o Piaget: preoperational phase 4-7 yrs. Moving from the preconceptual phase to the phase of intuitive thought
Magical thinking
Animism
Centration
Time
Psychosocial development – Erikson’s
o Initiative vs guilt
Another baby in the family can cause the preschooler to regress to bed wetting or thumb sucking – to be expected
Playing ball. Puzzles, tricycles, dress up, role playing
Immunizations
o 4-6 years – dtap, MMR, IPV + annual flu
12 hours of sleep, bedtime routine
Eruption of primary teeth is finalized by the beginning of the preschool years
Protective gear with tricycles
Chapter 6
School-age children
4-6-pound weight gain per year & grow 2 inches (5 cm) per year
Permanent teeth start to come in
Piagets cog development – concrete operations
o Perceptual to conceptual thinking
o Learns to tell time, see other perspectives, solve problems
Erikson’s: industry vs inferiority
o Trying to make meaning contributions to society & cooperative and compete with othe rs
Peer groups important – competitive and cooperative play
Board games, hop scotch, bikes, jump rope & organized sports
Immunizations
o 11-12yr – dtap + HPV vaccine (series of 3 shots)
9 hours of sleep recommended @ 12 yrs.
Safety – helmets
Chapter 7
Adolescents (12-20)
Girls stop growing 2-2.5 years after their period starts
Boys stop growing around 18-20
Sexual maturation in girls:
o Breast development
o Pubic hair growth
o Underarm hair
o Period
Sexual maturation in boys:
o Testicular enlargement
o Pubic hair
o Penile enlargement
o Underarm hair growth
o Facial hair
o Vocal changes
Piagets cog development – formal operations
Erikson’s: identity vs role confusion
Video games, music, sports, pets, reading
Immunizations
o Flu
o 16-18 – meningitis (before college)
Injury prevention – helmet use, seat belts, driving, substance abuse
about:blank 3/20
Pediatric ATI
Chapter 1
Parenting styles
Dictatorial or authoritarian not really good parents
Democratic or authoritative very good parents
Passive
Chapter 2
Physical assessment findings
Everything is going to be higher except for BP
Infant HR: 80-180 RR: 30-35 BP: 65-80/40-50
Fontanels – flat and soft
o Posterior closes between 6 & 8 weeks
o Anterior closes between 12 & 18 months
Teeth – 6 to 8 teeth by 1 year
o 20 baby teeth and 32 permanent teeth
Reflexes ** chart on pg. 10
o Moro
o Tonic neck reflex
o Babinski
Cranial nerves ** chart on pg. 11
o Olfactory
o Optic
o Oculomotor
o Trochlear
o Trigeminal
o Abducens
o Facial
o Acoustic
o Glossopharyngeal
o Vagus
o Spinal accessory
o Hypoglossal
Chapter 3
Infants
Baby’s birth weight will double by 6m and triple by 12m
Infants will grow 1 inch per month (2.5 cm) for the first 6m of life and at 12m their birth length has increased by 50%
First teeth erupt between 6 and 10m
Gross and fine motor skills
o By 3m a baby should only have slight head lag
o 4m should be able to roll from back to side
o 5m roll from front to back
o 6m roll from back to front and hold a bottle
o 7m move object from hand to hand
o 8m sit unsupported
o 9m crude pincer grasp
o 10m prone to sitting position and grasp a rattle by handle
o 11m put objects into a container and have a neater pincer grasp
o 12m try to build a 2-block tower and won’t succeed
Piaget cognitive developmental stages
o Sensorimotor (birth to 24m)
Separation
Object permanence – around 9m
Mental representation
3-5 words by 1yr
Concept of no
about:blank 1/20
,10/27/23, 6:37 AM Pediatric ATI RN Notes
Erikson’s: Trust vs. mistrust birth – 1yr.
o Caretaker meeting the needs of the infant
Separation anxiety begins to occur around 4-8m of age
Stranger fear 6-8m of age
Rattles, Blocks, Brightly colored toys, Mirrors, Patty cake
Immunizations
o Birth –hep B
o 2m – hep B, IPV, RV, PCV + dtap & HIB
o 4m – all of the 2m – the hep B
o 6m – hep B + all the previous
o Flu shots 6m-1 yr.
Nutrition
o Breast milk first 6m
o Solids 4-6m & first solid is usually iron fortified rice cereal
o No juice or water is not needed for first year
o Foods introduced one at a time over a 4-7 day period to monitor for allergies
Choking/aspirating – grapes, coins, candy
Burns – sunscreen, handles turned away on stove, electrical outlets are covered
Drowning
Rear facing car seat until 2yrs.
Crib slats are no more than 6cm apart, no pillows, and sleep on back
Chapter 4
Toddlers
4x their birth weight by 30m
3 inches per year (7.5 cm)
Head and chest circumference are about equal – compared to when they are born, and their head is wider than their chest
Gross and fine motor skills
o 15m expect walking without help + should be able to build 2 block tower
o 18m can throw a ball over hand
o 2 yr. can walk up and down stairs by placing feet on each step + 6/7 block tower
o 2.5 yrs. Can jump with both feet + draw circles
Language
o 1 yr. = 1 word sentences “hollow phrases”
o 2 yr. = 2-3-word sentences
Erikson’s stages – autonomy vs shame and doubt
o Independence
o Begin to express selves by saying no a lot
o Thrive on rituals – maintain routines
Age appropriate activities – blocks, push pull, thick crayons, puzzle
Toilet training begin when they have recognized the sensation that they need to go potty
Immunizations
o 12-15m – IPV, PCV + MMR & varicella + HIB
o 12-23m – Hep A 2 doses/6m apart
o 15-18m – dtap + annual flu vaccine
Nutrition
o Breast milk or formula through 1 year
o 1-2 year whole milk
o After 2 can transition to low fat
o Limit juice consumption – 4-6oz per day
o Prevent choking nuts, grapes, hot dogs, peanut butter, raw carrots, tough meat and popcorn
Burns, drowning, falls, aspiration prevention
Chapter 5
Preschoolers
4.5-6.5 pounds per year
2.5-3.5 inches per year (6-9 cm)
Gross motor skills
about:blank 2/20
, 10/27/23, 6:37 AM Pediatric ATI RN Notes
o 3yr. can ride tricycle + jump off bottom step on stairs
o 4yr. can skip and hop on q foot + throw ball over head
o 5 can jump rope
Cognitive development
o Piaget: preoperational phase 4-7 yrs. Moving from the preconceptual phase to the phase of intuitive thought
Magical thinking
Animism
Centration
Time
Psychosocial development – Erikson’s
o Initiative vs guilt
Another baby in the family can cause the preschooler to regress to bed wetting or thumb sucking – to be expected
Playing ball. Puzzles, tricycles, dress up, role playing
Immunizations
o 4-6 years – dtap, MMR, IPV + annual flu
12 hours of sleep, bedtime routine
Eruption of primary teeth is finalized by the beginning of the preschool years
Protective gear with tricycles
Chapter 6
School-age children
4-6-pound weight gain per year & grow 2 inches (5 cm) per year
Permanent teeth start to come in
Piagets cog development – concrete operations
o Perceptual to conceptual thinking
o Learns to tell time, see other perspectives, solve problems
Erikson’s: industry vs inferiority
o Trying to make meaning contributions to society & cooperative and compete with othe rs
Peer groups important – competitive and cooperative play
Board games, hop scotch, bikes, jump rope & organized sports
Immunizations
o 11-12yr – dtap + HPV vaccine (series of 3 shots)
9 hours of sleep recommended @ 12 yrs.
Safety – helmets
Chapter 7
Adolescents (12-20)
Girls stop growing 2-2.5 years after their period starts
Boys stop growing around 18-20
Sexual maturation in girls:
o Breast development
o Pubic hair growth
o Underarm hair
o Period
Sexual maturation in boys:
o Testicular enlargement
o Pubic hair
o Penile enlargement
o Underarm hair growth
o Facial hair
o Vocal changes
Piagets cog development – formal operations
Erikson’s: identity vs role confusion
Video games, music, sports, pets, reading
Immunizations
o Flu
o 16-18 – meningitis (before college)
Injury prevention – helmet use, seat belts, driving, substance abuse
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