CPP Exam Study Guide for CPP Exam Questions with 100% Complete Answers

What is a BIT? - The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no, black or white. What is a color profile? - A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer). What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean? - Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs." What is gamut? - The entire range of colors that can be seen, reproduced, or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor. What are the effects of top lighting? - Creates deep shadows in eye pockets, under nose, and chin. What are the effects of high side lighting? - With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject, it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash? - Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed, the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed, the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured. What is interpolated resolution? - On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors? - Additive (R, G, B) What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent? - Black (0) What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent? - White (255) The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what? - Depth of field What is a derivative file? - A RAW file that has been altered What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject? - Broad lighting What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face? - Short lighting As the aperture is stopped down, what happens to sharpness? - More of the background and foreground are sharp. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens? - Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops. What is focal length, technically? - The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity. Focal length controls what? - 1) Magnification, or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what? - The impression human vision gives What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera? - Sensor size - the larger the sensor size, the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame) What does side lighting emphasize? - emphasizes textures To minimize facial wrinkles, this type of lighting is best - Front lighting What are IPTC fields used for? - Metadata fields that hold info on photographer, subject, and use. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure, what should you do? - Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.