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Organic chemistry
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Chemistry AS-levels Cambridge IGCSE Organic notes
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Chemistry18
.
&
CHEM
-
, Organic
• Introduction:)
• Attackers
• Curly arrow
, General information
• Carbon atoms form strong covalent bonds to each other
• Carbon-carbon bond can be single, double or triple
• Carbon can be arranged in straight chains, branched and rings
• Other atoms/ group of atoms can be placed on the carbon atoms
• Groups can be placed in different positions on a carbon skeleton
• Chemistry of organic compound is determined by its functional group
General formula
EX: alkanes CnH2n+
2
Represents any member of a homologous series
, Ex: Butane Types of formulae
Molecular Empirical Structural Displayed Skeletal
Shows the exact Shows the simplest ( or condensed) that Shows both the
number of atoms whole number ratio relative placing of Shows a simplified
shows the minimum
each element present of atoms in the atoms and the number organic formula by
details using
in the molecule molecule of bonds between removing hydrogen
conventional groups, for
them ( shows both atom, leaving just
a clear structure ( show
atoms and bonds) carbon skeleton and
atoms only)
associated
C4H10 C2ts functional group
H HH
H
CHzCHeCH2CHs I 'I I
"
C2
H -
-c -
c -
c -
H
I
#
I
H H
⑫R
R C3
CHzCH/CHg) CHy
,
H
H C -
H
-
- -
↓
"
I
-
C - H
I
H
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