NCE/LPC Exam Study Guide

Ego's need for immediate gratification. - Correct Answer-Pleasure Principle The cause or ____________of abnormal behavior is difficult to determine in most cases. - Correct Answer-Etiology An individual who is happy,autonomous, & creative has reached ______________. - Correct Answer-Self-actualization This is necessary from parents for children to develop healthy concepts. (Rogers) - Correct Answer-Unconditional Positive Regard Accomplished by rewarding success of desired behavior. - Correct Answer-Shaping Learning method involving the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses. - Correct Answer-Classical Conditioning A behavior modification used to establish new behavior. - Correct Answer￾reinforcement The designations "common," "personal," & "cardinal" refer to ______________. - Correct Answer-Trait Theory Individuals are in an interactional relationship with their environment. - Correct Answer-contextual worldview Freud believed human behavior is mainly motivated by the psychosexual energy called __________. - Correct Answer-libido Relearning by using a particular stimulus to establish a new, more adaptive response - Correct Answer-counter conditioning Idea that there are many different ways to interpret events, each one leading to different behaviors. - Correct Answer-Kelly's concept of Constructive Alternativism A severe psychological disorder involving loss of contact with reality. - Correct Answer-Psychosis Process of development and body change resulting from heredity rather than learning. - Correct Answer-Maturation Vicarious conditioning occurs through observed________. - Correct Answer- modeling The unpleasantness of _________motivates individuals to avoid or reduce inconsistencies in cognitive structure. - Correct Answer-cognitive dissonance Used by individuals to maintain feelings of adequacy and self-worth rather than coping directly with a stressful situation. - Correct Answer-defense mechanisms Used to help reduce anxiety experienced by an agoraphobic client. - Correct Answer- systematic desensitization Skinner believes the social environment provides a variety of __________to help shape human behavior. - Correct Answer-consequences Patterns of ____________that may be organic, psychological, or sociocultural in origin. - Correct Answer-abnormal behavior The tendency toward subjective functioning, with the self being of greatest importance. - Correct Answer-Jung's theory of Introversion Behavior modification programs in schools/group homes used to motivate participants. - Correct Answer-token economy This approach to human functioning stresses the importance of each individual's perception of reality. - Correct Answer-Phenomenological Emphasizes the importance of genetic and physical contributors to maladaptive behavior. - Correct Answer-biological viewpoint Use of family constellation - Correct Answer-Adler traits and values - Correct Answer-Allport vicarious conditioning - Correct Answer-Bandura 16 Personality Factor Questionairre - Correct Answer-Cattell stage theory of development - Correct Answer-Erikson Cognitive dissonance - Correct Answer-Festinger id, ego, superego - Correct Answer-Freud introversion-extroversion - Correct Answer-Jung cognitive meaning making - Correct Answer-Kegan Role Construct Repertory Test - Correct Answer-Kelly Justice Reasoning & Moral development - Correct Answer-Kohlberg Life Space - Correct Answer-Lewin seven-stage ego development - Correct Answer-Loevinger Self-actualization - Correct Answer-Maslow