Absolutism Latest Update (2023/2024) 100% Correct

Absolutism Latest Update (2023/2024) 100% Correct Characteristics of Absolute Monarch Ruler has complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governs Divine right Right to rule came from God (Louis XIV believed he had the Divine Right) Louis XIV French absolute monarch, built Versailles, rituals for waking up, left France in massive debt Sun King Since sun is at the center of the solar system, the sun king is at the center of the nation; Louis XIV Versailles Symbol of sun king's wealth and power, built by Louis XIV Peter the Great Modernized Russia, expanded, wanted warm-water port, thought was unsuccessful in getting one Constitutional monarchy Monarchy whose power is defined and limited by the law English Civil War War between parliament's round heads and Charles I's cavaliers. Parliament forces, led by Oliver Cromwell, wins, and Charles I is executed Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell Led Parliament forces into the English civil war and established a government; crushed Catholic Rebellion in Ireland Oliver Cromwell (England)'s Protectorate Government (England-Protestant) Abolished House of Commons- becomes dictator, Established the Church of England, made the English republic known as Commonwealth Abolished "sinful activities" like theatre, sports, dancing How did rise of parliament affect the monarchy in England Parliament beat Charles I's forces and took over the government, getting rid of the monarchy Causes and effects of the English Civil War as a challenge to absolutism in England Charles I had signed the petition of right, but later dissolved parliament. This set off the war that got Charles I executed and established Commonwealth with Cromwell as the leader How did Glorious revolution and the English Bill of Rights put important restrictions on the English monarchy? The Glorious revolution was the bloodless overthrow of the king. When William and Mary took over, they had to agree to a few things, limiting the monarchy. The English Bill of Rights ensure superiority of parliament over the monarchy. Required the monarch to summon parliament regularly and the House of Commons got control over spending Compare and contrast absolutism in England, France, and Russia In England, absolutism was powerful when parliament was dissolved, but worse because of the English Civil War. In France, it was strong, as Louis XIV had everyone basically worship him. In Russia, Peter the Great modernized Russia and expanded its borders. Glorious Revolution English Protestants feared James II would restore the Roman Catholic church, so they had William and Mary come. James II fled to France. It was the bloodless overthrow of the king. William and Mary Monarchs of England after they arrived with their armies and chased off James II, protestants English Bill of Rights Ensured parliament's superiority over the monarchy, required the monarch to summon parliament regularly Philip II of Spain (Hapsburg) 1. Defender of Catholicism. Spain has history of kicking out Muslims and Jews. 2. Spanish wealth from colonies created large military 3. Lower class was taxed heavily 4. Golden Age- by expanding land, supported the arts, centralized power. Louis XIV (14th) France (Bourbon) 1. Catholic (also believed in the Divine Right of Kings) 2. Had the Palace of Versailles built at expense of citizens with heavy taxes (left France with huge debt) 3. Revoked Edit of Nantes - Decreased power of nobles 4. Large military made France a modern power in Europe Frederick I of Prussia (Hohenzollerns) 1. Protestant 2. Led his nation through multiple wars with Austria and its allies. Largest standing army in Europe (80,000) 3. His daring military tactics expanded and consolidated Prussian lands, 4. His domestic policies transformed his kingdom into a modern state and formidable European power. 5. Created a permanent tax on the citizens 6. Limited the power of the German nobles (Junkers) Peter the Great- Russia (Romanovs) 1. Heavy tax on citizens 2. Reforms Russia with education, engineering, trade 3. Built up military using Western tactics 4. Decreases power of Boyars (aristocracy) 5. Gained land through the Northern War 6. Controlled the Orthodox Church quote, "keep your friends close, your enemies closer" Louis XIV he kept all the nobles close so he could watch what they did. he also kept them slightly intoxicated so they wouldn't be able to start a riot and so they could harm/kill him. What were two results of the Glorious Revolution? 1. It created long lasting balance between parliament and monarchy. 2. It also allowed for a greater participation by people in the government. Detail the results of the Peace of Westphalia. ( What impact did the have on the German states?) It ended the 30-Yeas War. they now had their own government they were allowed a state church. they also were allowed armed forces and foreign policy. What two major power emerged in Europe at the end of the Thirty Years War? Austria and Prussia. They were each looking for victory in the struggle over "true religion." How did Cardinal Richelieu strengthen the power of the French monarchy? He moved against the huguenots ( french nobles)and weakened the nobles power.