Nursing 3100 Final Exam Questions And Answers 100% Solved

How do antiemetics work? (i.e. what is the physiology of nausea? what and where are the receptors locate?) - ANSWERAntiemetics block the CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone) which suppresses nausea and vomitting. These receptors are located near the medulla, outside the Blood Brain Barrier When should antiemetics be given? - ANSWERAt least 1 hour before symptoms List at least 4 classes of antiemetic agents. State their mechanism and potential side effects. - ANSWER- anticholinergic: inhibits vagal transmission - antihistamine: anticholinergic properties and block H1 receptors on CTZ - dopamine receptor blockers: block receptors in CTZ - serotonin receptor blockers: block receptors in stomach and CTZ What is the effect of isopropyl alcohol on preventing post-op nausea? - ANSWERIt works as aromatherapy What would be the laxative of choice for each of the following? A patient recoverin from acute myocardial infarction (MI). A patient with a slow transit time. A patient who requires bowel preparation before surgery. - ANSWERMyocardial Infarction: stool softener (Colace) because it avoids arrhythmia and valsalva's maneuver Slow transit time: fiber and bulk forming laxative which decreases the stool transit time Bowel Preparation before surgery: increase doses of hyperosmotic laxatives which are fast working What are the possible side effects of stimulant laxatives, hyperosmotic laxatives, saline cathartics, and bulk-forming laxatives? - ANSWERstimulant laxatives: can't be administered with antacids -- causes premature dissolution in the stomach, GI distress, cathartic habit, patients could become dependent hyperosmotic laxatives: electrolyte imbalance saline cathartics: suppresses bowel reflex causing you to lose electrolytes bulk-forming laxatives: increase dose gradually to avoid discomfort When should diarrhea be treated? - ANSWERat onset of symptoms What are the causes of diarrhea? - ANSWER- infection - viral - bacteria - absorption issues - stress alters the motility of feces - irritable bowel syndrome - sorbital containing medications - enteral feedings