Absolutism Latest Update Graded A

Absolutism Latest Update Graded A Absolutism a period of time where a series of European monarchs increased the power of their central governments Balance of power principle in which countries have equal strength in order to prevent any one country from dominating the others Centralization of power power is concentrated in the hands of the monarch Czar title taken by Ivan the Terrible; Russian for "caesar" Divine right belief that God chooses kings to rule nations Westernization an attempt to incorporate the culture, attributes, and especially the technology of the Western world Bourbons a new royal house of France that ruled from 1589 until the late 1700s/ mid 1800s Romanovs ruling family of Russia started by Michael Romanov that ruled from 1613 to 1918 until the assassination of Nicholas III and his family Hapsburgs powerful family of European rulers in the 1200s St. Petersburg new capital of Russia built by Peter the Great as a symbol of Russia's westernization to be viewed by other European nations Versailles a palace that represented the grandeur and power of the monarchy and of France Huguenots the French Protestants who converted to Calvinism Henry IV 1st Bourbon king of France who converted to Catholicism to bring order, peace, and unity to France; protected the rights of the Protestants by signing the Edict of Nantes Cardinal Richelieu chief advisor to King Louis XIII who helped strengthen France and the French monarchy Louis XIV sun king of France from who revoked the Edict of Nantes, built the palace of Versailles, and eliminated the French legislative body Peter the Great czar of Russia from who westernized Russia, improved its army, built its 1st navy, and won control of the Baltic Sea from Sweden Catherine the Great ruler who continued Peter the Great's territorial expansion by gaining control of most of the northern shore of the Black Sea from the Ottoman Turks War of Spanish Succession war fought between England, Dutch Netherlands, and Austria against France and Spain to determine Spain's new ruler Thirty Year's War a series of conflicts between 1618 and 1648 involving a violent clash between the Protestants and the Catholics in an attempt to weaken the Hapsburg family of Rome Edict of Nantes a policy issued by King Henry IV that granted Huguenots the freedom to worship which was later revoked by Louis XIV Treaty of Westphalia the treaty that ended the Thirty Year's War