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BIOL 1P91 Midterm Exam [Brock University] 2023/2024
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BIOL 1P91 Midterm Exam [Brock University] all Questions and Answers 2023
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BIOL 1P91 Midterm Exam [BrockUniversity] all Questions and Answers
2023
Matter Correct Answer anything that has mass and occupies space
States of matter Correct Answer solid, liquid, gas
Atoms Correct Answer smallest functional units of matter that form all chemical
substances
Atoms cannot breakdown further into substances by ordinary means (will not happen
in biological systems) Correct Answer true
subatomic particles Correct Answer protons (+), neutrons (neutral), electrons (-)
model of an atom Correct Answer Nucleus surrounded by cloud like orbitals
Orbitals (types) Correct Answer S - orbitals are spherical (2e-)
P - orbitals are propeller/dumbbell shaped (6e-)
Electron Shells Correct Answer 1st shell (spherical): 2 electrons (1 pair)
2nd shell (3 dumbbell): 8 electrons (3 pairs)
Dalton Correct Answer unit of atomic mass (amu or Da)
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon Correct Answer What are the four most
abundant elements found in living systems? (95% of living organisms)
Molecule Correct Answer A group of atoms bonded together
Compound Correct Answer a molecule that is composed of two or more separate
elements
3 types of bonds Correct Answer ionic, covalent, hydrogen
ionic bond Correct Answer electrons are transferred, forming ions that are
attracted to each other (cations and anions)
covalent bond Correct Answer electrons are shared to fill valence shells (double
and triple bonds)
hydrogen bond Correct Answer hydrogen atom from one polar molecule is
attracted to an electronegative atom from another molecule
, Nonpolar and Polar Covalent Bonds Correct Answer _____________
_____________bonds are a type of chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of
electrons with each other
____________covalent bonding is a type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons
is unequally shared between two atoms.
Enzymes Correct Answer molecules that catalyze biologically important chemical
reactions
van der Waals dispersion forces Correct Answer attractive forces between
molecules in close proximity to each other, caused by the variations in the
distribution of electron density around individual atoms
Buffer Correct Answer buffers help to maintain a constant pH
pH of a solution can affect Correct Answer The shapes and functions of
molecules
The rates of many chemical reactions
The ability of two molecules to bind to each other
The ability of ions or molecules to dissolve in water
polymer formation by condensation Correct Answer molecule of water is removed
each time a new monomer is added (dehydration reaction)
breakdown of polymers by hydrolysis Correct Answer molecule of water is added
back each time a monomer is released (hydrolysis is catalyzed by enzymes)
Carbohydrates Correct Answer compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen atoms
Monosaccharides Correct Answer Single sugar molecules
ring and linear structures
Pentoses Correct Answer Ribose and deoxyribose (5 - carbon sugars)
Correct Answer
polar, hydrophilic Correct Answer regions at the surface of the micelle
non-polar, hydrophobic Correct Answer ends are oriented toward the interior of
the micelle
Amphipothic Correct Answer have both polar + ionized and non-polar regions
amino acid structure Correct Answer H, NH2, COOH bonded to a central carbon
and then a variable R group
alpha carbon Correct Answer any carbon attached directly to a carbonyl carbon
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