Praxis 5001 Social Studies Latest Update Graded A+

Praxis 5001 Social Studies Latest Update Graded A+ paleolithic period 2.5 Million years ago - The stone age Hunters and gatherers neolithic period The new stone age - 10,000BC True Farmiing - permanent settlements (villages, tribes) domestication of animals The Rosetta Stone Egyptian artifact provided translations of the hieroglyphics for modern understanding of the symbols Responsibility of a US citizen Volunteering in a community The scarcity of Chinese arable farmland led to... Early development of intensive agricultural cultivation techniques Animal plows irrigation water conservation projects An effect of the gulf stream... Warm climate of Western Europe Cultural Diffiusion the spread of cultural items (ideas, fashion, technology, etc.) from one central point to another Gender roles social and behavioral norms that determine how males and females speak, think, dress, and interact within society. The Silk Road a system of trade routes established during the Han Dynasty that stretched from China through India to Egypt, and eventually to the Roman Empire. Treaty of Versailles Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments . . . have been subjected as a consequence of . . . the aggression of Germany and her allies." Which colony had the highest proportion of German settlers during the colonial period Pennsylvania Remember the Ladies.... Abigail Adams infamously wrote in a letter to her husband John Adams 3/5 Compromise The result of a debate within Congress about apportioning taxes based on population or land value. 3/5 of a state's slaves were counted in terms of congressional representation, presidential electors, and direct taxes. Dred Scott Case Slaves were not US citizens (they had no rights) They couldnt sue for their freedom. 19th Amendment guarantee women the right to vote The Truman Doctrine provided political, military, and economic assistance to democratic nations threatened by authoritarian forces and governments, including Greece and Turkey. 10th Amendment division of power between national and state governments Thomas Hobbes English materialist and political philosopher * advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings The effects of High Tariffs They benefit some groups at the expense of others. May weaken the economy Command Economy An economic system controlled by strong, centralized government, which usually focuses on industrial goods. With little attention paid to agriculture and consumer goods. The New Deal Government sponsored programs implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to revitalize the economy and alleviate poverty and despair caused by the Depression. The Gettysburg Address Short speech given by Abraham Lincoln; dedicating a cemetery for soldiers who died at the Battle of Gettysburg. Is considered to be a profound statement of American Ideals. the Articles of Confederation America's first constitution which provided for a new central government with limited powers. English Catholic Settlers Maryland The Battle of Appomattox Court House Assoc.w/ the end of the Civil War Robert E. Lee (C) surrendered his Army to Ulysses Grant at The Battle of Appomattox Court House Rivers of Mesopotamia Une of the early river valley civilizations through the use of river water for irrigating crops, which produced sufficient surplus of food to support the first cities. The Boston Tea Party (1773) Colonists in Boston throws millions of dollars of tea off of British ships in protest of their Tea Tax and Boston Massacre. The Trail of Tears Native-Americans (particularly the Cherokee in Georgia and Tennessee) were forcibly removed from their land and made to march in the winter to reservations in Oklahoma. Over 4000 died out of 16000 who were forced to go. One of the greatest tragedies in American history. The Adams-Onis Treaty This treaty provided for the United States purchase of Florida from Spain in 1819. It also gained Spanish assurances to abandon its claims in the Oregon Territory. The Dawes Act supposed to "Americanize" Native Americans by encouraging in them the desire to own property and to farm reservation land distributed to Native American families The Great Migration ; mass movement of African Americans from the South to the North; reasons = jobs, prejudice, crop failures; leads to race riots in the North the Civil Rights Act declared that African Americans were entitled to "equal benefit of all laws...enjoyed by white citizens" the Kansas-Nebraska Act created two territories: Kansas and Nebraska. Allowed white male settlers in those territories to determine through popular sovereignty whether they would allow slavery within each territory. The Proclamation Act Prohibited English settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains to appease the Native Americans. The Sugar Act Placed a tax on foreign sugar. The colonists objected to being taxed without representation. The Currency Act This act forbade the colonists from printing their own currency and instead required them to use hard currency (gold and silver), which was in short supply in the colonies. All taxes had to be paid in hard currency as well. The Townshend Acts Taxed goods, such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea. It also allowed customs officials to search without real reason in order to prevent smuggling. Colonists believed that this tax was an example of taxation without representation. Democratic-Republicans Thomas Jefferson - People should have political power, favired a strong state government and agriculture Federalist led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. They believed in a strong natl government. Did not want a Bill of Rights because citizen were protected by the constitution Whigs (Colonists), commonly referred to as patriots, who opposed King George and British rule over the colonies, sparking the American Revolution. Democratic Party Founded by Andrew Jackson - supported a decentralized government and state's rights Missouri Compromise "Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states. Black Thursday October 24, 1929; stock market crashes and almost 13 million shares are sold that day alone Black Tuesday October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed. Lead to the Panic of 1929 Hoovervilles Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress Agricultural Adjustment Administration New Deal Paid farmers to not to farm their lands North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949 alliance of nations that agreed to band together in the event of war and to support and protect each nation involved Mesopotamia first civilization located between the Tigris & Eurphrates Rivers in present day Iraq; term means "land between the rivers;" Sumerian culture Sumerians People who dominated Southern Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BCE. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cunieform, and religious conceptions. Persians Ethnic group that settled in what is now Iran. They were rivals for control of Mesopotamia with the Greeks, and later the Arabs. Gnosticism A religious orientation advocating gnosis as the way to release a person's spiritual element League of Nation an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations Cold War A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years. Cultural Identity Ones belief in belonging to a group or certain cultural aspect. You can "identify with" a group or "identify against" a group (what you are, or what you are not). Market Socialism A type of socialism in which the means of production are owned or controlled by the government, but individuals and businesses make some economic decisions Vertical Climate overall weather patterns of a region as influenced by elevation; higher the elevation, the colder the climate. Marine Climate The climate of some coastal regions, with relatively warm winters and cool summers. Subtropical Climate This climate type has hot summers and mild winters/ it is found on the eastern side of the continents French Colonists settled in Northern New England Helped the Native Americans Seven Years War () French and Indian war. It was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English that proved the English to be the more dominant force of what was to be the United States both commercially and in terms of controlled regions. Thomas Jefferson 3rd US President (Democratic-Republican) believed state govt should be stronger than federal. Opposed the federal bank. Believed commoners were the backbone of the nation. Alexander Hamilton (federalist)believed the federal government should have more power over the state. supported the first bank. favored business leaders and mistrusted the commoners Archipelagos groups of islands that's largely comprised of Indonesia and Philippines Basin A geographic depression - filled with water isthmus * A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas * Important for trade - build canals Tributary A stream or river that flows into a larger river Tropic of Cancer The imaginery line of latitude - 23 degrees north of the Equator. It marks the farthest north where the sun can be seen directly overhead. Structuralism Claude Levi-Straus Human beings build meaning out of conceptual differences and oppositions. (day/night. life/ death) Auguste Comte "Father of Sociology" - 19th century Philosopher Positivitism Karl Marx "Father of Communism" - 19th century German Philosopher The theory that class conflict is the motor force driving historical change and development. (Haves v. Have-Nots) Conflict Theory Karl Marx. The role of power and conflict in social organizations. The struggle btw labor and owners...gender, religion, race Societal Organization Any group that organizes its members into roles and provides connections among its members. ie. institutions of govt, education, religion, economic systems, family Darwinian Model Herbert Spenser, proposed that societies act like a species of animal under the influence of natural selection Ethnocentrism The belief that one's own cultural group is superior to others. (prejudice, bias, discrimination) Cultural Relativism All cultures are equally valuable - should be studied from a neutral point of view. (understand the actions of others) Cultural Pluralism Small groups with seperate cultural identities are accepted by the wider culture within the larger society. Multiculturalism. Sigmund Freud A psychologist who developed psychoanalysis. Believed strongly that unconscious drives and desires guided people's actions. classical conditioning A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events operant conditioning A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher behaviorism A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior