English Praxis 5001 (2023/2024) Rated A

English Praxis 5001 (2023/2024) Rated A emergent occurs before child can read/write concept of print written letters have sounds that form words letter knowledge what sound each letter makes logographic foundation reading of sight words phonetic reading using letter sound correspondence as a 1st step in simple decoding phonological awareness understanding that words are made up of sound units (phonemes) phonics understanding that sounds and printed letters are connected rhyming ending sound corresponding with another segmenting ability to break word up into individual component sounds alphabetic principle words are made up of letters that have different sounds letter sound correspondence knowing what sounds are associated with each letter of the alphabet decoding applying letter sound relationships to pronounce written words syllabilication ability to correctly divide words into syllables fluency ability to read text smoothly without paying attention to mechanics of reading; measured by rate and accuracy comprehension ability to read content, process it, and think about it critically literal comprehension understanding meaning of words in passage critical comprehension deeper meaning and draw conclusions not directly stated poetry creative literature written in verse drama story presented through dialogue and meant for an audience--> plays skits puppetry story theater noun person place or think pronoun takes place of a noun antecedent the noun that a pronoun stands for verb word reflection an action adverb word that modifies a verb -> quickly, very adjective descriptive--> happy, cold preposition word showing direction or position or connects two ideas-> on, off, above, to , of , from, at article comes before a noun/ non specific--> a , an, the, this conjunction connects 2 words or phrases--> for, and, or, but, or subject who or what the sentence is about, performs the main vb. object not main subject and has vb performed on it concrete noun rock, building, physical obejct abstract noun non physical things like ideas creativity and sadness action verbs show an action performed by the subject of a sentence linking verbs connect the subject of the sentence to the additional info about the subject --> the cat WAS black helping verbs paired with another verb and are often used to show tense predicate gives info about the subject direct object who or what directly receives action indirect object indirectly receives action phrases basic grouping of words, words related but lack a subject clauses groups of words that contain a subject and a verb ; indpdt clause can stand alone sentences subject and predicate and express a complete thought compound sentences have 2 or more indpdt clauses joined by a conjunction or punctuation mark complex sentences 1 indpdt and at least one dpdt clause compound-complex 2 indpdt clause and 1 dpdt expository writing writing to inform; research papers, biographies narrative tells a story; novels, plays, short stories persuasive expresses author's POV descriptive appealing to the senses 1st person tells from own perspetive 3rd person told from outside voice who is not one of the characters omniscient 3rd person who knows thoughts and feeling