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Samenvatting H11 en H12 "Biochemistry: A Short Course"

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Samenvatting H11 en H12 "Biochemistry: A Short Course". Deze hoofdstukken gaan over peptiden en membranen.

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Which chapters are summarized?
H11, h12
Uploaded on
October 27, 2017
Number of pages
6
Written in
2017/2018
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Summary

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Hoofdstuk 11 en 12, lipiden en membranen

➢ Lipiden
♥ Water-insoluble molecules that are highly soluble in organic solvents.
♥ Verschillende functies, o.a.:
♪ energie (opslag)
♪ membranen
♪ signaaltransductie  hormonen
♥ Vormen geen polymeren
♥ Lipide klassen
♪ Vrije vetzuren (nonesterified fatty acids)
❖ vaak gebruikt als brandstof
❖ Onvertakte ketens van carbonzuren
❖ Meestal 12-20 koolstofatomen
❖ Kunnen dubbele bindingen bevatten
❖ Belangrijke energiebron én component van fosfolipiden
❖ Kunnen verzadigd of onverzadigd zijn





• Lengte en cis-dubbele bindingen hebben effect op het smeltpunt
♪ Triacyglycerolen
❖ opslagvorm van vetzuren (in vetweefsels)





❖ Meer energie dan koolhydraten + opslag efficiënter
❖ Zeep





♪ Membraanlipiden
❖ Amfipatisch emoleculen
❖ Model:






, ❖ Fosfolipiden
• Fosfoglycerides
 = glycerofosfolipiden





 Phosphoacylglycerols
○ low-molecular-weight alcohols
○ voorbeelden:
 ethanolamine
▪ functie: Curvature of the membrane
 glycerol
▪ versoepeling membraan
• Sphingolipiden





❖ Glycolipiden
• Suikerbevattende lipiden
• Komen veel voor in celmembranen
• Betrokken bij cel-cel interacties





• Afgeleid van sphingolipiden!
❖ Steroïden
• Steroïde nucleus: drie cyclohexaanringen en een cyclopentaanring





• Hormonen, afbraak lipiden uit dieet
 Androgens
○ male sex hormones
 synthesized in the testes
 responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics
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