Nutrition & Metabolism Practice Questions With Complete Solutions

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body, including both anabolic and catabolic reactions is called: correct answer: metabolism Match each common carbohydrate to its most common dietary source: fructose lactose maltose sucrose germinating cereal grains fruit cow's milk refined from sugar cane and sugar beets correct answer: fructose fruit lactose cow's milk maltose germinating cereal grains sucrose refined from sugar cane and sugar beets Glycolysis, anaerobic fermentation, and aerobic respiration are the three major pathways for the catabolism (breakdown) of ______________. correct answer: glucose Which of the following are lipids? - polypeptides - glycogen - phospholipids - triglycerides - cholesterol correct answer: - phospholipids - triglycerides - cholesterol The _______________ of the brain controls body temperature by initiating heat-conserving or heat-loss mechanisms. correct answer: hypothalamus The typical American consumes about four time the sodium RDA of 1100mg/day. T or F? correct answer: True List examples of carbohydrates: correct answer: Glycogen, Glucose, Sucrose Most dietary carbohydrates come from: correct answer: plant-based food. By definition, one __________ is the amount of energy (heat) required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. correct answer: calorie What molecule functions as a universal carrier of energy used to do cellular work? correct answer: ATP Define nutrient: correct answer: Ingested compound used for growth, repair, or maintenance. Because the class of nutrients called _______________ are rapidly oxidized, they are required in greater amounts in the diet than any other nutrient. correct answer: carbohydrates Water-__________ fiber includes cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. correct answer: insoluable Conduction? correct answer: heat transferred molecule to molecule; contact is required for energy transfer Radiation? correct answer: emission of inferred energy (rays); contact is not required for energy transfer Evaporation? correct answer: head dissipated as it breaks bonds between water molecules Convection? correct answer: transfer of heat moving fluid such as blood, air, or water What class of macronutrients provides the most energy per gram? correct answer: fat When does a positive nitrogen balance often occur? correct answer: during growth and development, weight gain, pregnancy, lactation, and times of muscle healing or recovery from injury When does a negative nitrogen balance often occur? correct answer: during weight loss, illness, burns, or injury