REC Electrical Module Latest 2023 Rated A+

REC Electrical Module Latest 2023 Rated A+ Ohm's Law What is the unit for voltage? Volts What is the unit for current? Amps What is the unit for resistance? Ohms Electricity Energy resulting from charged particles (electrons or protons). How is electricity formed? Charge (statically) or current (dynamically). Static Electricity _________ ________ charge by friction. Causes sparks, crackling or attraction of dust or har. Current Electricity Electrical charge that flows form one place to another through a _________. Voltage Force that pushes the current through the circuit. What is voltage measured with? Voltmeter Potential Difference (pd) Different cells produce different voltages. Bigger voltage = bigger current. A voltmeter is connected across the components. Resistance Friction that slows down the flow of the current through the circuit. Current The electrons that flow through the wires of the _________. Cell (battery) Lamp Switch Wires Circuits in Diagram Form Closed Circuit: Current flows around the loop. Electrons flow the opposite the indicated circuit direction (repel negative terminal). Series Circuit All in a row, 1 path for electricity, 1 end of each component is connected; if 1 light goes out then the circuit is broken. Parallel Circuit Many paths for electricity; 1 light goes out but the others stay on. What happens if there's a break in a series circuit? The circuit is no longer complete and the current can't flow. What happens to Ohm's Law in a series circuit as more bulbs are added? Voltage= decrease Current= decrease Resistance= increase What happens to Ohm's Law in a parallel circuit as more bulbs are added? Voltage= same Current= increase Resistance= decrease What happens to the components in a series circuit? Both ends of a component are connected. What happens to the components in a parallel circuit? Both ends of a component are connected. Current in a series circuit Remains the same at all points in the circuit. Current in a parallel circuit Shared between the components. Voltage in a series circuit Shared between the components Voltage in a parallel circuit Same across each component What is current measured with? Ammeter Ammeter Voltmeter Alternating Current (AC) The electric charge periodically reverses its direction. Direct Current (DC) The electric charge flows in one direction. One Volt Joule per Coulomb (J/C) One Amp one coulomb per second (C/s) One Watt one joule per second (J/s) Electrical power P=IV Frequency The number of waves that pass a fixed place in a given amount of time. What is frequency measured in? Hertz (Hz) AM vs FM Frequencies AM waves The amplitude, or overall strength, of the signal is varied to incorporate the sound information. FM waves The frequency of the carrier signal is varied and it's not affected by frequency changes. Digital vs. Analog Digital On or off. Ex: Limit switch, bumper switch, ultrasonic, optical shaft encoder Analog Range of values Ex: Light sensor, light follower, potentiometer Logic gates: AND Input Output A B Q 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 Logic gates: NAND Input Output A B AB 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 Logic gates: OR Input Output A B A+B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 Logic Gates: NOT Input Output A A 0 1 1 0 AND Gate Both inputs have to be tried for the circuit to give a high output NAND Gate Any input can be false for the circuit to give a high output OR Gate Either input can be true for the circuit to give a high output. NOT Gate The input has to be false for the circuit to give a high output. kilowatt-hour (kWh) 1 Watt= 0.001 Kilowatts kWh= (# of Kilowatts)(# of hours) Time Conversions 1 min=60s 1 hr=3600s In a series circuit: Current is constant, voltage varies In a parallel circuit: Current varies, voltage is constant Resistance in a series circuit Resistance in a parallel circuit