N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Altered Cellular Function and Cancer Module Objectives with Advanced Organizers study guide 100% verified

NURS 5315 - Advanced Pathophysiology: Altered Cellular Function and Cancer Module Core Concepts and Objectives with Advanced Organizers. Study Guide. N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Altered Cellular Function and Cancer Module Core Concepts and Objectives with Advanced Organizers Cellular Physiology 1. Analyze the steps of the action potential. o Normal cell has a (-) charge inside and (+) charge outside with greatest Na+ outside and greatest K+ inside the cell. The difference in charges inside vs out = resting membrane potential (RMP) usually -70mv. Threshold potential (TP) is usually -55 to -60, which is the stimulus required to reach AP. Depolarization is usually when 0 to 30 is reached and is the change from (-) charge in cell to (+) charge in cell or neutralized. AP is the rapid reversal in polarity and is responsible for the signals carried across the nerve/muscle cells. o RMP (-70) → Na+ rushes into cell → TP of -55 to 60 is reached → Depolarized 0 to 30 is reached → AP signal and absolute refractory period (no other stimulus will affect cell) → Repolarization to reestablish Na+/K+ levels and polarity (K+ channels open allowing K+ to leave cell and Na+ channels close) and relative refractory period (only strong stimulus will affect cell) o Hyperpolarized if the inside cell is more (-) than RMP. Ex: -85 vs the RMP norm of -70 o Hypopolarized if the inside cell is less (-) than RMP. Ex: -65 vs the RMP norm of -70 2. Examine how the action potential is altered by calcium and potassium imbalances. Topic Describe the Action Potential How is the action potential altered by a potassium imbalance? How is the action potential altered by a calcium imbalance? Action Potential Physiology Rapid change in resting membrane potential (RMP) when nerve/muscle receives stimulus that exceeds membrane threshold potential (TP) Hypokalemia causes hyperpolarization (inside the cell is more negative than RMP) causing greater distance between R