HONDROS NUR 212 Exam 2 – Questions & Answers
Normal creatinine levels? ✔ Ans - Male: 0.6-1.2
Female: 0.5-1.1
Normal GFR? ✔ Ans - 90-120ml/min
At which GFR level does dialysis begin? ✔ Ans - 15
S/S of acute glomerulonephritis? ✔ Ans - Headache, increased BP, facial edema, malaise, low grade fever, weight fain, proteinuria, hematuria, and oliguria
S/S of chronic glomerulonephritis? ✔ Ans - Proteinuria and hematuria
Lab findings for glomerulonephritis? ✔ Ans - Increased BUN, CR
Decreased albuminin
Common s\e of hemodialysis? ✔ Ans - Hypotension due to all of the blood and fluids leaving the body
Nephrotic syndrome s\s ✔ Ans - SEVERE proteinuria MASSIVE edema Hypertension, foamy urine, anasarca, ascites
Why might medication doses be decreased for a patient with kidney issues? ✔ Ans - Due to medications not being excreted through kidneys
Prerenal causes ✔ Ans - Due to decreased blood flow to kidneys Cardiovascular disorders, hypovolemia, peripheral vasodilation, renal vascular obstructions, severe vasoconstriction
Intrarenal causes ✔ Ans - Due to damage to the gumeruli, interstitial tissue or tubules (parynchymal damage)
Acute tubular necrosis, exposure to nephrotoxins, acute GNP, SLE, obstetric complications, and malignant hypertension
Post renal causes ✔ Ans - Obstruction to the urine collecting system BPH
Phases of AKI ✔ Ans - Oliguric
Diuretic
Recovery (if not then CKD may develop)
Oliguric Phase ✔ Ans - Urinary changes (output less than 400ml/day)
Lasts 10-14 days
Neck veins distended, bounding pulse, edema, hypertension
Increased potassium (causing heart issues!)
Diuretic Phase ✔ Ans - Daily urine output 1-3 liters may reach 5L or more
Monitor for hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and dehydration as well as hypotension
This phase may last 1-3 weeks
Why would calcium gluconate be given to a patient with AKI? ✔ Ans - Due to hyperkalemia, calcium gluconate raises the threshold at which dysrhythmias occur therefor protecting the heart
Nursing interventions for almost all kidney patients ✔ Ans - Fluid restriction
Daily weights
If there is abdominal pain during hemodialysis what should the nurse do? ✔ Ans - Decrease the flow rate
What is given to excrete potassium? ✔ Ans - Kayexelate
What is an important thing to remember for the process of peritoneal dialysis? ✔ Ans - It must be completely STERILE
What is a major complication from peritoneal dialysis? ✔ Ans - Peritonitis
If patient begins to have pain or cramping during peritoneal dialysis what should the nurse do? ✔ Ans - Slow down the infusion rate
Normal creatinine levels? ✔ Ans - Male: 0.6-1.2
Female: 0.5-1.1
Normal GFR? ✔ Ans - 90-120ml/min
At which GFR level does dialysis begin? ✔ Ans - 15
S/S of acute glomerulonephritis? ✔ Ans - Headache, increased BP, facial edema, malaise, low grade fever, weight fain, proteinuria, hematuria, and oliguria
S/S of chronic glomerulonephritis? ✔ Ans - Proteinuria and hematuria
Lab findings for glomerulonephritis? ✔ Ans - Increased BUN, CR
Decreased albuminin
Common s\e of hemodialysis? ✔ Ans - Hypotension due to all of the blood and fluids leaving the body
Nephrotic syndrome s\s ✔ Ans - SEVERE proteinuria MASSIVE edema Hypertension, foamy urine, anasarca, ascites
Why might medication doses be decreased for a patient with kidney issues? ✔ Ans - Due to medications not being excreted through kidneys
Prerenal causes ✔ Ans - Due to decreased blood flow to kidneys Cardiovascular disorders, hypovolemia, peripheral vasodilation, renal vascular obstructions, severe vasoconstriction
Intrarenal causes ✔ Ans - Due to damage to the gumeruli, interstitial tissue or tubules (parynchymal damage)
Acute tubular necrosis, exposure to nephrotoxins, acute GNP, SLE, obstetric complications, and malignant hypertension
Post renal causes ✔ Ans - Obstruction to the urine collecting system BPH
Phases of AKI ✔ Ans - Oliguric
Diuretic
Recovery (if not then CKD may develop)
Oliguric Phase ✔ Ans - Urinary changes (output less than 400ml/day)
Lasts 10-14 days
Neck veins distended, bounding pulse, edema, hypertension
Increased potassium (causing heart issues!)
Diuretic Phase ✔ Ans - Daily urine output 1-3 liters may reach 5L or more
Monitor for hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and dehydration as well as hypotension
This phase may last 1-3 weeks
Why would calcium gluconate be given to a patient with AKI? ✔ Ans - Due to hyperkalemia, calcium gluconate raises the threshold at which dysrhythmias occur therefor protecting the heart
Nursing interventions for almost all kidney patients ✔ Ans - Fluid restriction
Daily weights
If there is abdominal pain during hemodialysis what should the nurse do? ✔ Ans - Decrease the flow rate
What is given to excrete potassium? ✔ Ans - Kayexelate
What is an important thing to remember for the process of peritoneal dialysis? ✔ Ans - It must be completely STERILE
What is a major complication from peritoneal dialysis? ✔ Ans - Peritonitis
If patient begins to have pain or cramping during peritoneal dialysis what should the nurse do? ✔ Ans - Slow down the infusion rate
