HUM 115 Critical Thinking Study Guide

HUM 115 Critical Thinking Study GuideHUM 115 Critical Thinking Study Guide Chapter 1 1. How does the chapter define “thinking critically”? • It defines it as you using varies information that you learned which is need to understand everything around you and determine their purpose. 2. What are the five steps of effective decision-making? 1. Identify the decision. 2. Gather relevant info. 3. Identify the alternatives. 4. Weigh the evidence. 5. Choose among the alternatives. Chapter 2 1. List the different cognitive abilities and attitudes that characterize critical thinkers: a. thinking actively b. Reasoning understand why something is that way. c. Discussing ideas in an organized way. d. Viewing situations from different perspectives 2. What is the Socratic method? It is a method of inquiry that uses a dynamic approach of questioning and intellectual analysis in order to explore the essential nature of concepts. 3. What is the word origin (language and meaning) of the term ‘critical’? “kritikos”, which means “to question, to make sense of, to be able to analyze” 4. What does it mean to use the ability to criticize constructively? It is a helpful way of giving someone feedback on specific actionable suggestion. 5. What are the elements of effective discussion? a. Proposition b. Brainstorm c. Participation d. Listening 1e. Disagreement f. Clarification g. Evidence h. Encouragement i. Decision 6. What are the five questions that will help you read critically? 1. What are the issue and the conclusion? 2. What are the reasons? 3. What are the assumptions? 4. Are there any fallacies in the reasoning? 5. How good is the evidence? Chapter 3 1. What are the five questions to ask in order to solve a problem effectively? 1. What is the problem? 2. What can be done to solve it? 3. Which is the better solution? 4. How to best apply the solution? 5. Was the problem solve that had a favorable outcome? 2. What are the three possibilities that we might do when we are frustrated by not knowing where to take the first step in solving a problem? 1. Make irrational and impulsive decision. 2. Experience aggressive behavior. 3. Give up. 3. Read the passage “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” by Nicholas Carr (starting on p. 125) 1. According to Carr, how does information technology affect our ability to concentrate and memorize information? 2a. It demises our mental ability to think and do things for ourselves. It also physical affects our brains in a way. 2. What does Carr mean when he claims that information technology may be weakening our capacity for deep thinking and turning us into “mere decoder of information”? He means is that 3. At the end of the article, Carr summarized the danger of the loss of the ability to think deeply: “as we come to rely on computers to mediate our understanding of the world, it is our own intelligence that flattens into artificial intelligence”. a. What does he mean by this? What he means is that we would be unable to effetely interacted with the real world. 4. Taking the different factors into account, overall, what does Carr mean when he asked the question “Is Google Making Us Stupid?”? a. What he means is that more we relied on Google the more we lose the ability to found out things ourselves.