HONDROS NUR 163 FINAL EXAM ALREADY PASSED

HONDROS NUR 163 FINAL EXAM ALREADY PASSED Fatigue Subjective Measurement If someone is having trouble sleeping, what intervention could we use? Encourage pt to go outside, because sunlight helps with melatonin levels What is a intervention for a older adult who is having trouble sleeping because of a constant need to go to the bathroom Wear depends (adult diapers) A newley admitted patient is having multiple problems. What symptom do you report first? Breathing What is a primary sexual right? 2 consenting adults To be effective communicators, nurses must... Develop awareness of their own values and beliefs and the way they influence their perception of patients' experiences Cultural Competence A set of behaviors that includes understanding the impact of cultural values and beliefs on human experiences, while maintaining awareness of own cultural values and their effect on the perception of self and others. Circadian From Latin word "about a day" What is the average amount of sleep needed for people ages 20 to 60 years? 7.5 hours What body system controls sleep? Central Nervous System What causes older adults to feel sleepy earlier in the evening and to wake earlier in the morning? Know as "phase advance" Decreases in melatonin (which regulates the sleep-wake cycle) and growth hormone (which promotes sleep) lead to a shift in circadian rhythm Does sleep efficiency increase with age? No, sleep efficiency decreases, older adults may complain that they do not feel refreshed after sleep. Does the risk for sleep disorders increase with age? Yes Nocturnal Movement Disorders Restless leg syndrome, which is an irresistible urge to move the lower extremities, or nocturnal myoclonus, which causes sudden repetitive jerking or kicking movements of the lower extremities. What is the most effective nonpharmacological therepy for insomnia? Cognitive Behavioral Therapy What do you teach a UAP who is feeding a patient with trouble swalowing? Feed them slow, with frequent rest breaks. Lak of tendon reflexes/ deep muscle reflexes is a sign of what? (flaccid) Hypercalcemia What are the normal calcium levels? 8.5 to 10 Water Soluble Vitamins Vitamins B & C (Birth Control) Fat Soluble Vitamins All- A Dogs-D Eat-E Kibble- K If you overdose on Vitamins A,D,E & K what will happen? Liver Damage What is the primary prevention for the flu? Flu Shot If someone is complaining of fatigue, what are some interventions we can tell our patient? To rest and exercise. What is the Valsalva Maneuever? Breathing through the mouth during exercise. What is the main cause of stress? Change What are external physical threats? Extreme heat or cold, noise, physical trauma What are internal or psychological threats? Thoughts and feelings What are external social threats? Job pressure or changeable social relationships Can stress be benificual? Yes, some stress is normal and necessary. Individual are able to pay attention to detail, to learn and to solve problems Signs someone is experiencing high stress. Individuals are more likely to complain of fatigue, tension and anxiety. They may appear distracted, irritable, short-tempered, even angry. People living with high stress may have feelings of..... Poor self-worth or low self-esteem Why are signs of alcohol and drug abuse sometimes missed in the elderly? They mimic age-related changes such as bone density changes, urinary incontinence, altered sleep patterns, unsteadiness, hypertension, stomach complaints and falls What can prevent illness or improve a person's ability to cope with existing illness. Decreasing the number of stressors or the level of stress. Problem-focused coping Attempt to change or eliminate the stressful event or threat. If someone is overcoming any kind of surgery, what is important? A diet high in protein Is strenuous exercise good for the elderly? No What does a physical therapist assess for? Gait, pain and ROM If you have a patient who is bed bound what should you do? ROM, isometric exercises What is a good exercise for a patient who have osteoporosis? Wight bearing exercise If someone is in pain and you are trying to do something to improve the pain, what can you do? Find something that improves the pain by ASKING them Orthostatic Hypotension When a person stands up, blood pressure drops, person could faint What are interventions for orthostatic hypotension? Have patient stand up slowly, let patient sit on the side of the bed and dangle feet. Intervention for someone experiancing shortness of breath? Encourage patient to take frequent breaks What is polypharmacy? Multiple medications, multiple providers What does polypharmacy increase the risk of? Falls What is hypothermia? A core body temperature of 95 or lower Why is the older adult at a increased risk for developing hypothermia? Normal changes in aging affect the body's ability to regulate temperature. Changes in the skin reduce the older person's ability to perceive dangerously hot or cold environments. Decreased muscle tissue, decreased fat and decreased metabolic rate affect the amount of heat produced and retained in the body What disease processes decrease heat production? Hypothyroidism, hypoglycemia, and malnutrition What medications that decrease enviromental awareness to extreme temperatures.... Barbiturates, tranquilizers, and antidepressants can increase risk of hypothermia. Can alchohol increase the risk of hypothermia? If so, how? It decreases environmental awareness and, at the same time, increases vasodilation with resulting in heat loss. What is one of the first signs of hypothermia? Mental confusion Does pulse and respiratory rate increase or decrease with hypothermia? Decrease, slow down How may the face appear in hypothermia? Swollen Are heating pads, blankets a good intervention for a patent who has hypothermia? No, because they can cause cardiovascular problems What are early indicators of hyperthermia? Cramps in the legs, arms and abdomen. What is one the first signs of a UTI in the elderly? Confusion What 2 regions of the brain play key roles in language and speech? Broca's area, which is located in the posterior frontal lobe and Wernicke's area, which is located in the posterior temporal lobe. What is the most common language problem seen in adults? Aphasia (or dysphasia) What is a excellent resource for information about speech and swallowing disorders? Speech pathologists Dysphagia Difficulty swallowing Receptive Aphasia A person has difficulty understanding language Exspressive Aphasia A person is unable to express himself or herself using language Global Aphasia A person loses the ability both to understand language and to express himself or herself. Broca Aphasia A person is able to understand verbal and written language but is unable to speak words fluently. The area of the brain that coordinates muscles of speech is damaged. Wernicke Aphasia the person is able to speak, but the words produced may be nonsensical or have little connection to reality. Foods hgh in potassium OTHER than bananas? Spinach and Apple Juice Canned foods are high in which electrolyte? Sodium What is a sign that a person is having trouble coping? They are not grooming themselves What are some interventiosn for relocation syndrome? Continuity of care, reduce the amount of change as possible How can you help someone who is trying to overcome stress? IDENTIFY problem and take steps to improve that problem Arthritis Inflammation of the joints Rheumatoid Arthritis Chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane of the diarthrodial joints (also called the synovial joints: the freely moveable joints in which continuous bony surfaces are covered by cartilage and connected by ligaments lined with synovial membrane. Osteoarthritis A nonsystemic, noninflammatory disorder that progressively causes bones and joints to degenerate. Osteoporosis Disorder that results in a loss of bone density What disorder can cause a person to "shrink" or lose height? Osteoporosis What do we always monitor for in a patient who has been on anesthesia? Pneumonia What organization establishes safety goals? The Joint Commission What are signs that a person is getting good sleep? Mental clarity A person who has good self-esttem is.... They have strong personal values and believe they have the ability to control their lives Our sense of self-control starts wtih. Our bodies When fatigue is persistant and impairs normal life functioning it is considered... A health problem. Some fatigue is normal Chrronic Fatigue Persisting greater than 6 months What is secondary fatigue caused by? Underlying medical condition or treatment and will eventually be resolved or decreased when the underlying problem is addressed What is the etiology of chronic fatigue? Unknown What are some causes of fatigue? Waste product accumulation, insufficient supply of substances and inflammatory processes. What can fatigue cause? Depression What population is at the greatest risk of fatigue? Excluding college students Middle aged adults between 40 and 50 years. Individuals wth nutritional deficiencies, particulary protien-calorie malnutrition are at increased risk for.... Fatigue What should the assessment for fatigue focus on? The patient's report about his or her fatigue experience, use OPEN-ENDED questions Brief Fatifue Inventory (BFI) Measures amount, activities affected by fatigue. Target population- Cancer patients Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) Measures general, physical, mental, reduced motivation, and reduced activity. Target population- various patient population, including those with cancer, CFS, and COPD Multidimensional Assessmet of Fatigue Measures severity, distress, degree of interference in ADLs, timing (frequency of occurrence and changeability) Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) Measures severity, how fatigue interferes with certain activities. Developed for patients with MS an lupus