Nursing 163 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Graded A

Nursing 163 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Graded A What do you do if you suspect caregiver strain? assess(interview) caregiver and the patient Give the caregiver ample encouragement What is the normal range for potassium? 3.5-4.5 If potassium is high, what do you do? Report to RN What will vomiting lead to? metabolic alkalosis What do restraints include? vests wheelchair to table foot pedals on wheelchair safety bars seclusion What would you notice in the eyes if a person were stressed? pupil dilation What would you assess on the body when assessing for mobility? lower extremities What would you assess prior to do range of motion exercises? Pain level What do diuretics cause the loss of? potassium Which enzymes decrease with stress? digestive enzymes what can hyperventilation lead to? dizziness What kind of diets to cancer patients need? high calorie because it helps with healing What is a type of alternative therapy? massage When there is a vitamin overload what kind of vitamins would you give? fat soluble (ADEK) How should we teach patients to breath during exercising to prevent the valsalva maneuver? breath through mouth When i stress worse? when cumulative how do we teach patients to use a cane? cane on strong side 4-6 inches from foot elbow flexed 15-30 degrees What do you focus on when helping relieve stress? focus on emotional coping How do you establish trust with patients? provide continuity of care Where does the biggest loss of insensible fluid occur? through the skin How does physical illness increase stress? takes away energy needed for coping What do we encourage an older adult with hyponatremia to drink? sports drinks What will mild stress cause? mental alertness What are normal calcium levels? 8.5-10.2 mg/dL What are normal sodium levels? 135-145 What are normal potassium levels? 3.5-4.5 What are normal bicarbonate levels (HCO3)? 22-26 What can hypercalcemia cause? muscle weakness What are normal ABG levels? pH 7.35-7.45 PACO2 35-45 HCO3 22-26 What would indicate acidosis? pH below 7.35 What would indicate alkalosis? pH above 7.45 How do you know if it is metabolic or respiratory? Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal What is a goal for patients with impaired mobility? to remain free of contractures What do you use to help with anxiety? distractions What is important for prevention of osteoporosis? vitamin D What are signs of fluid volume deficit? decreased skin turgor dry mucous membranes thirst sudden weight loss orthostatic hypotension increase heart rate decrease urine output change in mental status What are signs of fluid volume excess? edema moist/shiny skin distended abdomen shortness of breath dysrythmias fatigue confusion What is a primary prevention for mobility? balanced nutrition What are signs of swallowing problems? coughing and drooling What does alcohol interfere with? the absorption of nutrients What can cause seizures? hyponatremia What are some age related changes that mimic alcohol abuse? falling unsteadiness poor nutrition How do you transfer a patient from a bed to a wheelchair? bed in lowest position support patients shoulders and help swing legs around and off of bed assist patient to stand and keep patients strong side toward chair Vitamin B has nothing to do with ________________. Calcium absorption What on frozen meals are helpful in meeting nutritional requirements? nutrition labels Where do fluid and electrolytes become output? elimination with bowel and bladder When do we develop coping skills? early in life but are modifiable What is relocation syndrome? moved facilities; patient feels hopeless, helpless, and depressed; isolates self How could we treat relocation syndrome? continuity of care What are coping/ defense mechanisms? repression denial rationalization intellectualization displacement suppression projection sublimination substitution Repression seclusion denial not doing it rationalization excuses intelectualization reasoning displacement everyone elses fault suppression back of mind projection yelling sublimination convince they are fine substitution bargaining If a patient is secluded what should we do to build trusting relationships? provide continuity of care When assessing mobility and the musculoskeletal complications what should you do? test their ability to stand range of motion: both passive and active muscle strength posture PT consult What would we teach our patients to prevent cardiovascular complications from immobility? increase activity join gym learn relaxation techniques To help heal wounds, what should a patient increase in their diets? protein What should we watch for in patients with colitis? Vitamin A loss What is a urinary issue/complication of immobility? decreased out put increase frequency autonomy freedom from external control or influence; independence nonmaleficence non harming or inflicting the least harm possible to reach a beneficial outcome beneficence action that is done for the benefit of others justice just behavior or treatment; fairness or equality; treat people the same veracity be truthful, encourage truthfulness fidelity adherence to your word confidentiality protecting privacy Effects of stress on the body headache and body aches depression increase in BP increased heartrate increased blood sugar sleep issues increase respiratory rate hyperventillation decreased digestive enzymes increased muscle tension ulcers loss of appetite nausea diarrhea constipation