Chapter 11: Clinical Manifestation And Respirator Disease Assessment Question And Answer

CHAPTER 11: CLINICAL MANIFESTATION AND RESPIRATOR DISEASE ASSESSMENT QUESTION AND ANSWER Respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-supplies oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide using processes of ventilation and diffusion Ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER-the process of moving gases in and out of lungs by inspiration and expiration Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER-the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide move from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration After inspiration, concentration of oxygen is _________ in alveoli than in pulmonary capillaries. - CORRECT ANSWER-higher Mediastinum - CORRECT ANSWER-space between the lungs Three main structures within thorax or chest: - CORRECT ANSWER--Mediastinum -right pleural cavities -left pleural cavities Pleural cavities contain _______. - CORRECT ANSWER-lungs parietal pleura - CORRECT ANSWER-outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall visceral pleura - CORRECT ANSWER-inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue Chest wall and diaphragm are protected by __________, and lungs are protected by ____________. - CORRECT ANSWER--parietal pleura -visceral pleura Right lung has _______ lobes and left has _______ lobes. - CORRECT ANSWERthree; two Thoracic cage protects most of respiratory system and consists of: - CORRECT ANSWER--12 thoracic vertebrae -12 pair of ribs -Sternum ________ are primary muscles of inspiration. - CORRECT ANSWER-Diaphragm and intercostal muscles During inspiration, diaphragm __________, while intercostal muscles ____________. - CORRECT ANSWER--contracts and pushes abdominal contents down -push chest wall outward During expiration, muscles ___________, expelling air as intrathoracic pressure ________. - CORRECT ANSWER-relax; rises During inspiration, air is drawn through ____________ and passes through _______________ to reach _____________. - CORRECT ANSWER-mouth or nose; pharynx and larynx; trachea _____________ make up upper airway. - CORRECT ANSWER-Nose, pharynx, larynx, and intrathoracic trachea Three functions of upper airway: - CORRECT ANSWER-• Conducts air to lower airway • Protects lower airway from foreign matter • Warms, filters, and humidifies inspired air Lower airway consists of: - CORRECT ANSWER--Trachea -Right and left main stem bronchi -Segmental and subsegmental bronchi -Terminal bronchioles Bronchioles open into __________, where gas exchanges occur. - CORRECT ANSWER-alveolar ducts and terminate in multiple alveoli Topographic markers - CORRECT ANSWER-surface landmarks helpful in locating underlying structures and in describing exact location of physical finding pneumothroax - CORRECT ANSWER-air in the pleural cavity hemothorax - CORRECT ANSWER-blood in the pleural cavity Present Health Status - CORRECT ANSWER-Ø Do you have any chronic illnesses? Ø Do you have allergies? Ø Do you have difficulty breathing during daily activities? Ø Do you have difficulty breathing when you sleep? Ø Are you currently taking any oral medications for a respiratory disorder? Ø Do you use an inhaler? Ø Do you use oxygen at home? Past Medical History - CORRECT ANSWER-Ø Have you ever had problems with your lungs? Ø Have you been diagnosed with respiratory diseases? Ø Have you ever had an injury to your chest? Productive cough - CORRECT ANSWER-getting stuff up with cough Non-productive cough - CORRECT ANSWER-not getting stuff up with cough sputum - CORRECT ANSWER-material expelled from the lungs by coughing Infants must be _________ for exam. - CORRECT ANSWER-undressed to diaper Conduct exam while infant is _________, as an exam of a __________ infant is difficult. - CORRECT ANSWER-calm; crying Acute bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation of mucous membranes of bronchial tree caused by viruses or bacteria Acute bronchitis clinical findings - CORRECT ANSWER--Cough initially nonproductive but may become productive after few days. -Patients may complain of substernal chest pain aggravated by coughing. -Fever, malaise, and tachypnea. -Rhonchi and crackles frequently heard on auscultation. -Wheezing heard after coughing. substernal - CORRECT ANSWER-behind the sternum Rhonchi - CORRECT ANSWER-Rattling noise of mucous in the lungs Pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation of terminal bronchioles and alveoli; may be caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, mycoplasma, or aspiration of gastric secretions Pneumonia Clinical Findings - CORRECT ANSWER--Viral pneumonia tends to produce a nonproductive cough. -Bacterial pneumonia causes productive cough. -Fever, tachypnea, and dyspnea. -Crackles and wheezes heard on auscultation of the lungs. Viral pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER-pneumonia caused by a virus Bacterial pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER-pneumonia caused by a bacterial infection