Test Bank For Dental Radiography Principles and Techniques 6th Edition, Joen Iannucci, Laura Howerton Complete Guide Version 2023.

Test Bank For Dental Radiography Principles and Techniques 6th Edition, Joen Iannucci, Laura Howerton Complete Guide Version 2023. Chapter 02: Radiation Physics Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The fundamental unit of matter is the a. proton. b. neutron. c. electron. d. atom. ANS: D A proton is a subatomic particle; the fundamental unit of matter is the atom. A neutron is a subatomic particle; the fundamental unit of matter is the atom. An electron is a subatomic particle; the fundamental unit of matter is the atom. The fundamental unit of matter is the atom. DIF: Recall REF: Page 8 OBJ: 1 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and radiobiology 2. The nucleus of an atom contains a. protons. b. neutrons. c. protons and neutrons. d. electrons. ANS: C The nucleus of an atom contains neutrons as well as protons. The nucleus of an atom contains protons as well as neutrons. The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons. The nucleus of an atom does not contain electrons; it contains protons and neutrons. DIF: Recall REF: Page 8 OBJ: 2 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and radiobiology 3. Which subatomic particle carries a negative electrical charge? a. A neutron b. A proton c. An electron d. A nucleon ANS: C A neutron does not carry an electrical charge. A proton carries a positive electrical charge. An electron carries a negative electrical charge. A nucleon carries a positive (proton) or no (neutron) electrical charge. DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 8 OBJ: 2 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and radiobiology 4. Which of the following elements is the simplest atom? a. Hydrogen (H #1) b. Helium (He #2) c. Nitrogen (N #7) d. Oxygen (O #8) ANS: A Atomic numbers are assigned from simplest to most complex. Hydrogen is the simplest atom; with a single proton, it has an atomic number of 1. Helium has an atomic number of 2. Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7. Oxygen has an atomic number of 8. DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 8 OBJ: 2 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and radiobiology 5. Which of the following statements is true of orbits or shells in the atom? a. Protons travel around the nucleus in welldefined shells. b. An atom contains innumerable shells. c. The energy level within each shell is the same. d. The orbiting shell closest to the nucleus has the highest energy level. ANS: D Electrons travel around the nucleus in well-defined shells. An atom contains a maximum of seven shells. Each of the maximum seven shells within an atom represents a different energy level. The orbiting shell closest to the nucleus has the highest energy level. The K shell is the orbiting shell closest to the nucleus. DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 8 OBJ: 2 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and radiobiology 6. The binding energy or binding force of an electron is a. determined by the distance between the neutrons and protons within the nucleus. b. determined by the distance between the orbiting electrons and the nucleus. c. weaker for electrons located in inner shells than in outer shells. d. determined by the atomic number. a. determined by the distance between the neutrons and protons within the nucleus. b. determined by the distance between the orbiting electrons and the nucleus. c. weaker for electrons located in inner shells than in outer shells. d. determined by the atomic number. ANS: B The binding energy or binding force of an electron is determined by the distance between the nucleus and the orbiting electron. The binding energy or binding force of an electron is determined by the distance between the orbiting electron and the nucleus, not the distance between the orbiting electrons. The binding energy or binding force of an electron is stronger for electrons located in inner shells than for outer shells. DIF: Recall REF: Page 8 OBJ: 2 TOP: CDA, N/A MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and radiobiology 7. Which of the following statements is true of ionization? a. An atom that gains an electron will have a negative charge. b. An atom that loses an electron will have a negative charge. c. An atom that loses an electron will have a positive charge. d. An atom that gains an electron has a negative charge, and an atom that loses an electron has a positive charge. ANS: D This answer is not the best answer. An atom that gains an electron has a negative charge; however, an atom that loses an electron has a positive charge. An atom that loses an electron will have a positive charge. An atom that loses an electron has a positive charge; however, an atom that gains an electron has a negative charge. An atom that gains an electron will have a negative charge, and an atom that loses an electron will have a positive charge. DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 10 OBJ: 3 TOP: CDA, N/A MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and radiobiology 8. An ion pair results when a. a proton is removed from an atom. b. an electron is removed from an atom. c. a neutron is removed from an atom. d. two atoms share a pair of electrons. ANS: B An ion pair results when an electron is removed from an atom rather than a proton; a neutron. DIF: Recall REF: Page 10 OBJ: 3 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and radiobiology 9. (1) Radiation is the emission and propagation of energy through space or a substance in the form of waves or particles. (2) Radioactivity can be defined as the process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state. a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. d. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. ANS: A Radiation is the emission and propagation of energy through space or a substance in the form of waves or particles. Radioactivity can be defined as the process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state. DIF: Recall REF: Page 10 OBJ: 4 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and radiobiology 10. The spontaneous emission of radiation from the disintegration of unstable atomic nuclei is a. beta particle decay. b. radiation. c. radioactivity. d. alpha particle decay. ANS: C Beta particles are fast-moving electrons emitted from the nucleus of radioactive atoms. Radioactivity is the process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state. Radiation is the emission and propagation of energy through space or a substance in the form of waves or particles. Radioactivity is the process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state. Alpha particles are emitted from the nuclei of heavy metals and exist as two protons and neutrons, without electrons. Radioactivity is the process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state. DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 10 OBJ: 4 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and radiobiology 11. Which of the following statements is true of ionizing radiation? a. It is radiation that is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron to an atom. b. It is strictly an electromagnetic radiation and does not involve particles that have mass. c. It is strictly particulate radiation and cannot travel as waves. d. It can only travel at the speed of light. ANS: A It is radiation that is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron to an atom. Ionizing radiation involves both particulate and electromagnetic radiation. There are two groups of ionizing radiation: particulate radiation and electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation, a type of ionizing radiation, travels at the speed of light. Particulate radiation travels at varying speeds. DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 10 OBJ: 3 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and radiobiology 12. Cathode rays are derived from which of the following types of particulate radiation? a. Electrons b. Alpha particles c. Protons d. Neutrons ANS: A Cathode rays are derived from electrons. Alpha particles are emitted from the nuclei of heavy metals. Protons are accelerated particles with a mass of 1 and a charge of +1. Neutrons are accelerated particles with a mass of 1 and no electrical charge.