NBCOT (COTA) Exam Prep Latest Update Graded A

NBCOT (COTA) Exam Prep Latest Update Graded A Development of Sensorimotor Integration Prenatal Period Neonatal Period First 6mo 6-12mo 13-24mo 2-3yrs 3-7yrs Prenatal Period Responds first to tactile stimuli Reflex Development Innate tactile, proprioceptive, and vestibular input reactions Neonatal Period Tactile, proprioceptive, and vestibular inputs are critical from birth onward for the eventual development of body scheme. Vestibular system, although fully developed at birth, continues to be refined and impacts on the infant's arousal. Helps the infant to feel more organized and content. Visual system develops as infant responds to human faces and items of high contrast places approximately 10in from the face. Auditory system is immature at birth and develops as the infant orients to voices and other sounds. First 6mo Vestibular, proprioceptive, and visual systems become more integrated and lay the foundation for postural control, which facilitates a steady visual field. Tactile and proprioceptive systems continue to be refined, laying the foundation for development of somatosensory skills. Visual and tactile systems become more integrated as the child reaches out and grasps objects, laying the foundation for eye-hand coordination. Infant movement patterns progress from reflexive to voluntary and goal directed. 6-12mo Vestibular, visual, and somatosensory responses increase in quantity and quality as the infant becomes more mobile. Tactile and proprioceptive perception becomes more refined, allowing for development of fine motor and motor planning skills. Tactile and proprioceptive responses also lead to midline skills and eventual crossing of midline. Auditory, tactle, and proprioceptive perception is heightened allowing for development of sounds for the purpose of communication. Tactile, proprioceptive, gustatory, and olfactory perception are integrated, allowing for primitive self-feeding. 13-24mo Tactile perception becomes more precise allowing for discrimination and localization to further refinement of fine motor skills. Further integration of all systems promotes the complexity of motor planning as the toddler's repertoire of movement patterns expands. Symbolic gesturing and vocalization promotes ideation, indicating the toddler's ability to conceptualize. Motor planning abilities contribute to self-concept as the toddler begins to master the environment. 2-3yrs This is a period of refinement as the vestibular, proprioceptive, and visual systems further develop, leading to improved balance and postural control. Further development of tactile discrimination and localization lead to improved fine motor skills. Motor planning and praxis ideation also progresses during this period for more skillful occupational performance. 3-7yrs Child is driven to challenge sensorimotor competencies through roughhouse play, playground activities, games, sports, music, dancing , arts and crafts, household chores, and school tasks. These occupations provide opportunities to promote psychosocial development and self-esteem. Crossing Midline As the child becomes more mobile, movement against gravity and weightshift increase, leading to eventual crossing of the midline, often in attempt to reach for a toy, while weightbearing on the opposing upper extremity for balance. Begins at 9-12mo. Laterality Hemispheric specialization for specific tasks varies with different individuals Bilateral Integration As the child experiments with movement, the nervous system is stimulated, and the resulting sensations help the child to coordinate the two sides of the body. Begins at 9-12mo. Visual-Motor Integration Dependent upon the lower level skills of visual attention, visual memory, visual discrimination, kinesthesia, position in space, figure ground, form constancy, and spatial relations. Oral-Motor Control Developed in the area of feeding, provides the foundation