442 EXAM 2 PRACTICE QUESTIONS

A nurse is preparing to conduct a windshield survey. Which of the following data should the nurse collect as a component of this assessment? Select all that apply. A. Ethnicity of community members B. Individuals who hold power w/in community C. Natural community boundaries D. Prevalence of disease E. Presence of public protection - correct answerA, B, C, E A nurse is completing a needs assessment and beginning analysis of data. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Determine health patterns w/in collected data B. Compile collected data into a database C. Ensure data collection is complete D. Identify health needs of local community - correct answerB. Compile collected data into a database A nurse is planning a community health program. Which of the following actions should the nurse include as part of the evaluation plan? A. Determine availability of resources to initiate plan B. Gain approval for program from local leaders C. Establish timeline for implementation of interventions D. Compare program impact to similar programs - correct answerD. Compare program impact to similar programs A nurse is conducting a community assessment. Which of. the following data collection methods is the nurse using when having direct conversations with individual members of the community? A. Key informant interviews B. Participant occupations C. Focus groups D. Health surveys - correct answerA. Key informant interviews A nurse is collecting data to identify health needs in the local community. Which of the following examples should the nurse identify as secondary data? (Select all that apply). A. Birth statistics B. Previous health survey results C. Windshield Survey D. Community Forum E. Health Records - correct answerA, B, E A nurse is developing a community health education program for a group of clients who have a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following learning strategies should the nurse include for clients who are auditory learning? A. Showing photographs of sites for injection B. Providing equipment to practice hands-on skills C. Supplying outlines for note-taking D. Facilitating small group discussions - correct answerD. Facilitating small group discussions A nurse is talking to a client who asks for additional info about hospice. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? A. "Clients who require skilled nursing care at home qualify for hospice care." B. "One function of hospice is to provide teaching to clients about life-sustaining measures." C. Hospice assists clients to develop the skills needed to care for themselves independently." D. A component of hospice care it to control client's manifestations." - correct answerD. Controlling the clients manifestations of medical problems or the dying process and improving quality of life are components of hospice care. A school nurse is scheduling visits w/a physical therapist for a child who has cerebral palsy. In which of the following roles is the nurse functioning? A. Direct caregiver B. Consultant C. Case manager D. Counselor - correct answerC. In the role of case manager, a school coordinates comprehensive services for students who have complex health needs. An occupational health nurse is consulting with senior management of a local industrial facility. When discussing work-related illness and injury, the nurse should include which of the following factors as physical agents? Select all that apply. A. Noise B. Age C. Lighting D. Viruses E. Stress - correct answerA, C A newly hired occupational health nurse at an industrial facility is performing an initial workplace assessment. Which of the following info should the nurse determining when conducting a work site survey? A. Work practices of employees B. Past exposure to specific agents C. Past jobs of individual employees D. Length of time working in current role - correct answerA. Work practices of employees A school nurse is planning health promo and disease prevention activities for the upcoming school year. In which of the following situations is the nurse planning a secondary prevention strategy? A. Placing posters w/images of appropriate hand hygiene near restrooms. B. Routinely checking students for pediculosis throughout the school year. C. Implementing age-appropriate injury prevention programs for each grade level. D. Working w/a dietitian to determine carb counts for students who have diabetes - correct answerB. Routinely checking students for pediculosis throughout the school year. A nurse is completing an ecomap as part of a family assessment. Which the following questions should the nurse plan to ask to gather appropriate data? A. "Do you have a family history of heart disease?" B. "What kinds of foods does your family eat?" C. "Is your family involved in community orgs?" D. "How does your family cultural beliefs influence your health values?" - correct answerC. An ecomap studies the family's relationships w/groups and organizations A home health nurse is planning care for a client following a stroke. The nurse plans to interview each member of the family to see how they might help the client progress towards recovery. The nurse is using which of the following approaches to family health? A. Family as component of society B. Family as a system C. Family as a client D. Family as context - correct answerD. Context promotes individual recovery following a disease or event. The client is the focus and members are viewed as a source of support A public health nurse is planning interventions for children in the community. Which of the following topics should the nurse choose to target a major concern for school-aged children? A. Skin cancer detection B. Access to health care C. STI prevention D. Cholesterol Screening - correct answerB. Caregiver income affects child health A public health nurse is planning an inter-service on older adult health. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A. The percentage of older adults in the population is decreasing. B. Proportion of older adults who live alone is increasing. C. Older adults take one-half of all prescriptions meds D. Older adults have decreased recovery time following injury - correct answerB. Proportion of older adults who live alone is increasing. A nurse is preparing a list of important topics to discuss w/young adults who are seen at the clinic. Which of the following topics should the nurse plan to address w/this aggregate? A. Preconception counseling B. Managing the common cold C. Detecting congenital abnormalities D. Accessing Medicare benefits - correct answerA. Plan to ask clients if they want to discuss childbearing, and answer any questions. What are Informant Interviews? - correct answerA DIRECT formal and/or informal discussion with purpose of gaining ideas or opinions from key informants What are Windshield surveys? - correct answerdescriptive approach tat assesses several community components by driving through community Components of a windshield survey - correct answerPeople Place Natural Environment Man-made Environment Housing Societal Systems An ecological model can be used as a guide to examine . . . - correct answerDeterminants of health for a population, and for targeting interventions to multiple factors that affect health Community Assessment Steps - correct answer1. Define the community 2. Collect data 3. Analyze data (organize, review, prioritize) 4. Establish community diagnoses 5. Plan programs 6. Implement program 7. Evaluate program Writing a community health diagnoses includes . . . - correct answerRisk of specific problem Among specific population affected Related to (weakness that influences problem) Examples of social systems - correct answerHealth systems/resources Welfare Systems Legal Systems Recreation Systems Transportation Systems Communication Systems Religious Systems Political Systems When determining the health of a community, consider . . . - correct answerStatus Structure Process Effective community health education requires . . . - correct answerPlanning What does a community assessment begin with? - correct answerDefining the community to be studied What are the 3 types of communities? - correct answer1. Geographic community (shared place) 2. Demographic group (Shared characteristics) 3. Functional community (common interests) What is the ecological model used for? - correct answeras a guide to examine the determinants of health for a population and for targeting interventions to multiple factors that affect health When collecting data, it is best to... - correct answercombine several methods of collection Components of ecological model - correct answer-Individual traits (age, gender biological, mental, behavioral factors) -Social, family, community relationships -Occupational and home environments -Overall conditions created by local, state, national, and worldwide forces and trends Factors to consider when determining the health of a community - correct answer1. status: epidemiological data (incidence/prevalence rates), client satisfaction, mental health, crime rates 2. structure: presence of health care facilities, service types and patterns of use, demographic data 3. process: relationships, communication, commitment to and participation in health Community assessment components for people - correct answerDemographic, biological, social factors, cultural factors Community assessment components for place/environment - correct answerphysical factors & environmental factors Factors when Determining Health of a Community: status examples - correct answerEpidemiological data (incidence/prevalence rates), Client satisfaction Mental health Crime rates Factors when Determining Health of a Community: Structure examples - correct answerPresence of health care facilities Service types and patterns of use Demographic data Factors when Determining Health of a Community: Process examples - correct answerRelationships Communication Commitment to and participation in health What is the first step when developing a needs assessment? - correct answerCompile data in database The CIRCLE Model of Care means . . . - correct answerC: Caring I: Intuition R: Respect C: Caution L: Listening E: Emotional Support Informant interview limitations - correct answerMeeting time and place Built-in bias Community forum limitations - correct answerDifficulty finding meeting time and place Challenging to get adequate participation Where do home health nurses provide care? - correct answerTraditional Homes Assisted Living Nursing Homes Skilled Services include: - correct answerSkilled assessment Wound care Lab draws Med edu and admin parenteral nutrition IV fluids and medication Central line care urinary catheter insertion/maintenance Coordination, delegation, supervision Informant interview strengths - correct answerMINIMAL COST Participants serving as future supporters Offers insight into beliefs and attitudes of community members Reading/writing of participants not required Can elicit more detailed responses Community forum strengths - correct answerMINIMAL COST Opportunity for community input Secondary data strengths - correct answerDatabase of prior concerns/needs of population Ability to trend health issues over time Secondary data limitations - correct answerPossibility that data may not represent current situation Can be time-consuming Participant observation strengths - correct answerIndication of community priorities, environmental profile, and identification of power structures Participant observation limitations - correct answerBias Time consuming Inability to ask participants questions Focus groups strengths - correct answerPossibility of participants being potential supporters Provides insight into community support Reading/writing of participants not required Focus group limitations - correct answerPossible discussion of irrelevant issues Challenging to get participants Requires strong facilitator Difficult to say that sample is representative of entire community TIME-CONSUMING Surveys strengths - correct answerData collected on population and problems random sampling written or online format contact with participants not required Surveys limitations - correct answerLow response rate EXPENSIVE TIME CONSUMING collection of superficial data requires participants to be literate Windshield survey strengths - correct answerprovides a descriptive overview of a community Windshield survey limitations - correct answerNeed for driver Can be TIME CONSUMING Results based solely on visualization Examples of formal leaders - correct answerelected leaders; government officials, representatives PEOPLE WHO ARE A BIG DEAL Examples of informal leaders - correct answerpastors, tribal leader, grassroots leaders Barriers to education - correct answerAge, cultural barriers, poor reading and comprehension skills, language barriers, barriers to access, and lack of motivation Describe behavioral theory - correct answerUse of reinforcement methods to change learners' behaviors Describe cognitive theory - correct answerUse of sensory input and repetition to change learners' patterns of thought, thereby changing behaviors Describe critical theory - correct answerUse of ongoing discussion and inquiry to increase learners' depth of knowledge, thereby changing thinking and behaviors Describe developmental theory - correct answerUse of techniques specific to learners' developmental stages to determine readiness to learn and impart knowledge Describe humanistic theory - correct answerAssists learners to grow by emphasizing emotions and relationships and believing that free choice will prompt actions that are in their own best interest Describe social learning theory - correct answerLinks information to beliefs and values to change or shift learners' expectations Someone who "thinks in pictures" and learns through seeing and uses methods such as note-taking, video-viewing, and presentations is a _________ learner - correct answerVisual Someone who learns through listening and methods such as verbal lectures, discussion, and reading aloud is a _________ learner - correct answerAuditory Someone who learns through doing and methods such as trial and error, hands-on approaches, and return demonstration is a _______ learner - correct answerTactile-kinesthetic When developing interventions, it's important for the nurse to consider the patient's... - correct answerhealth literacy What is the first step to developing a community health education plan? - correct answerIdentifying population-specific learning needs What occurs during the preplanning step of community assessment? - correct answerBrainstorm ideas -Gain entry into community and establish trust -Obtain community awareness, support, and involvement -Coordinate collaborations that have similar interests in addressing identified problems What are ecomaps? - correct answerEco-maps are a visual map of a family's connections to the external world. They provide a useful tool for assessment of family, social and community relationships and highlight the quality of these connections. What are genomaps? - correct answer What occurs during the assessment part of community assessment? - correct answerCollect data about community and its members -Complete needs assessment and identify community strengths and weaknesses -Assess availability of community resources -List potential sources for program funding -Evaluate secondary health data What occurs during the diagnosis part of community assessment? - correct answerIdentify and prioritize health needs of the community. -Analyze data to determine health needs -Work with community members, local health professionals, and administrators to develop priorities and establish outcomes What occurs during the planning part of a community assessment? - correct answerDevelop interventions to meet identified outcomes. -Determine possible solutions to meet the health need -Compare resources and interventions required for each solution and select best option -Establish goals and objectives -Select strategies/interventions -Determine available and needed resources -Assess personnel needed and special training required -Determine funding opportunities -Plan for program evaluation What occurs during the implementation part of the community assessment? - correct answerCarry out the plan -Initiate interventions -Monitor intervention process and community response What occurs during the evaluation part of the community assessment? - correct answerExamine the success of the interventions.