MU NURS 611: Adv Patho - Exam 4 Review - GI System Questions With Correct Answers

obesity - ans- BMI 30 kg/m2; caloric intake caloric expenditure leading causes of death associated with obesity - ans- cardiovascular disease; type 2 DM; cancer visceral obesity - ans- aka intra-abdominal, central, or masculine obesity; distribution of body fat is localized around abdomen and upper body, resulting in apple shape visceral obesity is associated with - ans- accelerated lipolysis; increased risk for inflammation, metabolic syndrome, type 2 DM, CV complications, and CA metabolic syndrome - ans- hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL, high LDL, HTN, insulin resistance peripheral obesity - ans- aka gluteal-femoral, feminine, SQ obesity; distribution of body fat is extraperitoneal; distributed around thighs and buttocks, through the muscle, resulting in pear shape; more common in women GERD - ans- reflux of acid and pepsin from the stomach to the esophagus; causes esophagitis risk factors of GERD - ans- obesity, hiatal hernia, drugs/chemicals that relax the LES; triggers asthma/chronic cough clinical manifestations of reflux esophagitis - ans- heartburn from acid regurgitation, chronic cough, asthma attacks, laryngitis; upper abdominal pain within 1 hour of eating; worsens if intra-abdominal pressure increases; may also be experienced as chest pain - r/o cardiac ischemia bowel obstruction - ans- most common occurring small intestinal obstruction - related to adhesions adhesion obstructions - ans- accounts for 50-70% of small bowel obstruction clinical manifestations of SBO - ans- presents early with abdominal distention obstruction at pylorus or high in the small intestine - ans- metabolic alkalosis develops INITIALLY d/t excessive loss of H+ ions that normally would be reabsorbed from the gastric juiceprolonged intestinal obstruction - ans- lack of circulation produces lactic acid (decreased tissue perfusion) thus metabolic acidosis intussusception - ans- telescoping of part of intestine into another, causing strangulation of blood supply peptic ulcer disease (PUD) - ans- break/ulceration in protective mucosal lining of lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum risk factors of PUD - ans- genetics, H pylori infection, habitual use of NSAIDs; smoking, alcohol, acute pancreatitis, COPD, obesity, cirrhosis, age 65 years, psychologic stress; exact cause unknown chronic use of NSAIDs - ans- suppresses mucosal prostaglandin synthesis = decreased bicarbonate secretion and mucin production, inc secretion of HCl pathogenesis of peptic ulcer - ans- NSAIDs + H pylori disruption of mucosa exposes submucosal areas to gastric secretions and autodigestion causing - ans- erosion and ulceration