CRIJ Chapter 12 Questions and Answers

Coding - ANSWER-The measurement process in content analysis. The process of transforming raw data, either manifest or latent content, into a standardized, quantitative form. Typically involves the interaction of theoretical concerns and empirical observations. It should not be used unless it has been carefully pretested. Content analysis - ANSWER-The study of recorded communications, such as books, websites, images, mass media messages, and police reports. Data archives - ANSWER-Repositories or libraries for the storage and distribution of data for secondary analysis. For example, criminal justice and other social data are maintained by the ICPSR and the NACJD for use by other researchers. Evaluation studies - ANSWER-Research designed to answer specific questions about specific programs Hybrid source - ANSWER-Combines the collection of new data, through observations or interviews with day-to-day criminal justice agency activities. Inter-rated reliability - ANSWER-Having two different people code the same message and then computing the proportion of items coded the same. Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) - ANSWER-An organization based at the University of Michigan that archives and distributes major social science data collections. Since most universities and many smaller colleges are member institutions, students and faculty have access to vast sources of secondary data. Latent content - ANSWER-As used in connection with content analysis, this term describes the underlying meaning of communications. Manifest content - ANSWER-In connection with content analysis, this term describes the underlying meaning of communications. National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD) - ANSWER-A special collection within the Interuniversity Consortium of Political and Social Research that includes data series of special interest to criminal justice researchers and practitioners. The NCVS, Uniform Crime Report (UCR), and data series on correctional populations are included, as are hundreds of other examples of published statistics. The data collection also includes data from most research studies funded by the National Institute of Justice. Obtrusive measures - ANSWER-Data is collected with the knowledge of subjects and subjects generally know they are being studied. This requires interaction between