BIOD 171- Exam 2 Questions and Answers Graded A

BIOD 171- Exam 2 Questions and Answers Graded A True or False: Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in to maintain life True T/F: Enzymes are polysaccharides that catalyze chemical reactions False (enzymes are proteins) What are usually metal ions and assists enzyme during the catalysis reaction? Cofactors Define catabolism The process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources. Upon cellular injury, which metabolic process is involved during the growth and repair phases of the cell? The anabolic process would be active as it is involved in the building up of small complexes into larger complexes Describe energy transfer process relative to both ATP and ADP ATP has the energy (phosphate group) to donate while ADP can accept energy in the form of a phosphate group. Thus ATP can be reduced (ATP-ADP+Pi) while ADP can be built into ATP (ADP+Pi-ATP) An organism that derives its energy (generates ATP) from photons of light is called Phototrophic microorganism An organism that derives its energy by removing electrons from elemental sulfur would be classified as Lithotroph A reactive intermediate would be present in which phosphorylation process ? The chemical compound losing the phosphate group is referred to as the phosphorylated reactive intermediate The catabolism of a single molecule of glucose goes through what 3 distinct transitions Glycolysis, Fermentation or Respiration, then the ETC- electron transport chain What is the most energetic transition in the catabolism of glucose? The electron transport chain yields 34 ATP while both glycolysis and fermentation (or respiration) each yield only 2 ATP Identify the reactants of the following chemical equation: Glucose + 2NAD+ - 2 NADH + 2 Pyruvate + 2ATP The reactants are to the left of the arrow: Glucose and 2NAD+ The presence of what molecule 'signals' to the cell that glycolysis is about to start? Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) T/F: In absence of oxygen fermentation produces only 2 ATP False. Fermentation only reduces NADH back to NAD+ What is the primary byproduct of the TCA cycle? C and D- TCA cycle produces an abundance of reduces electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) T/F: The reactants of the TCA cycle directly enter and fuel the electron transport system False. The products of the TCA cycle (reduced electron carriers) enter and drive the production of ATP via the electron transport system. In the absence of glucose, which of the following can be used as alternative energy sources? Select all that apply Lactose, Carbohydrates, Lipids For the catabolism of proteins and lipids, which of the following enzymes are used? Proteases and Lipases, proteases breakdown proteins while lipases breakdown lipids. T/F- The B-oxidation pathway catabolizes the fatty acid chains of lipids True Describe the relationship between chloroplasts and chlorophyll Both chloroplasts and chlorophyll are associated with photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are the double membrane-enclosed organelles that contain the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll. T/F- Chloroplasts are specific to algae and plants True The process of photophosphorylation produces which of the following: ATP, NADPH In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur where? The process of converting light energy into chemical energy (photophosphorylation) always occurs in the membrane. T/F- The Calvin cycle must occur in the absence of light False: the term "dark reactions" (also known as the Calvin Cycle) simply denotes the second stage in photosynthesis- dark reactions do not actually require darkness in order to occur. How many turns (or repetitions) of the Calvin Cycle are required to generate one molecule of glucose? Six Complete the following equation by placing the appropriate numbers where indicated: __C02+ __ATP+ __NADPH+ __H2O - __C6H12O6 + __ADP+ __NADP+ 6 C02+ 18 ATP+ 12 NADPH+ 12 H2O - C6H12O6 + 18 ADP+ 12 NADP+ Match the following reactions to its corresponding enzyme 1D= A-B+H2O - A-OH + B-H: Hydrolases 2F= A-B - B-A: Isomerases 3E= A+B - A-B: Ligases 4A= A-B - A+B: Lyases