NSG 4100 Exam 2 REAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS 2023

NSG 4100 Exam 2 REAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS 2023 Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) etiology -Some insulin but not enough -Stress can increase insulin demand -Can be from infection -Older adults with no history of diabetes can be at risk Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) s/s and complications -polyphagia/ polyuria/ polydipsia -dehydration -tachy -high glucose -low bp -neuro issue (confusion) -No ketones, no acidosis HHS teaching -Thiazides and dialysis increase body resistance (hyperglycemia) HHS diagnosis -BG 600-1200 -Osmolality 320 -No ketones HHS treatment -IV regular insulin asap -fluids HHS NI -Assess GCS fast -cardiac monitor -fluids (normal for K+ to lower with fluid replacement) -administer insulin DKA etiology -No insulin made -missed dose of insulin or infection DKA s/s and complications -ketones -metabolic acidosis -high glucose -low bp -polyuria -kussmauls -polyphagia -polydipsia -change in LOC DKA teaching -sick day rules DKA diagnosis -BG 300-800 -low bicarb 0-25 -low pH 6.8-7.3 -low pCO2 10-30 -ketones -High BUN, creatinine, hematocrit DKA treatment -insulin reverses acidosis -IV regular insulin -NS, 1/2 NS D5W DKA nursing interventions -Fluids (NS) -If hypernatremia, change to 1/2 NS -Neuro check-GCS -Cardiac monitor -D5W Neuropathy etiology -loss of nerve sensation -peripheral = distal -autonomic = nervous system, multiple organ failure -Caused by high blood sugar over a long period, capillary basement thickening, demyelination neuropathy s/s and complications -asymptomatic -initial = paraesthesia -unsteady gait -tachy -ortho hypo -hypoglycemic unawareness -decreased dtr neuropathy teaching -no sandals -exercise -they won't feel MI -cant be cured -aggressive management + case manager neuropathy treatment -Reglan for N/