HLT 230 Midterm Questions With Complete Solutions

Scurvy - Vitamin C deficiency (aka ascorbic acid) BeriBeri - Thiamin (B1) deficiency Anemia - Iron deficiency (or B6, B12, or folate) Infectious diseases - HIV, Aids, diarrheal diseases Hereditary diseases - sickle cell, Downs syndrome, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis Chronic diseases - genetics and nutrition play a role, develop over a lifetime: diabetes, cancer, obesity, CVD, arthritis Macronutrients - Carbohydrates (4kcal/g), proteins (4kcal/g), lipids (9kcal/g), water Micronutrients - Vitamins, minerals Calorie - the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water 1 degree centigrade Non-nutrients - alcohol, phytochemicals, antioxidants, zoochemicals nutrient dense foods - foods abundant in nutrients with minimal kcals (healthy) energy dense foods - foods abundant in kcals with minimal nutrients (unhealthy) whole foods provide more _________ than supplements - nonnutrients (antioxidants and phytochemicals) Are supplements regulated by the FDA? - No Which U.S. federal agency enforces consumer protection laws and investigates complaints about false or misleading health claims that are used in advertising? - Federal Trade Commission (FTC) specially-trained, college-educated, health care professionals who have extensive knowledge of foods, nutrition, and dietetics. - RDN Organic farming - no synthetic fertilizers or antibiotics Dietary Reference Intakes - an umbrella term that covers a group of nutrient recommendations Exceeding this recommended value of a nutrient will increase the risk of a toxicity disorder - Upper Limit (UL) The average caloric intake for healthy people who are maintaining their weight. - Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) When there is not sufficient research to make a definitive recommendation, this amount appears to maintain good health. - Adequate Intake (AI) This amount meets the nutrient needs for almost everyone in a particular age and life stage group. - Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) What 3 groups might need to take supplements because they