PHGY 230 Quizzes- Midterm Questions With Complete Solutions

17.1 Endocrine glands -are ductless glands. -are the organs of the endocrine system. -secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. -help maintain homeostasis. -All of the choices are correct. correct answer: All of the choices are correct 17.2 Which is not characteristic of the endocrine system? -Effects: causes metabolic activity changes in target cells -Response time: slow reaction time = seconds to hours -Duration of response: long-lasting = minutes to weeks -Recovery time: rapid, immediate return to prestimulation level -Communication method: hormones in the bloodstream correct answer: Recovery time: rapid, immediate return to prestimulation level 17.3 Aldosterone release can be triggered by the presence of the blood-borne messenger angiotensin II or by low levels of sodium, and so its secretion regulation is said to be -purely neural. -both hormonal and humoral. -both antagonistic and synergistic. -both neural and synergistic. -purely hormonal. correct answer: both hormonal and humoral. 17.4 Follicle-stimulating hormone is a -glycoprotein. -steroid. -monoamine. -oligopeptide. correct answer: glycoprotein 17.5 Protein hormones are -lipid-soluble. -water-soluble. -soluble in both water and lipids. -soluble in neither water nor lipids. correct answer: water-soluble. 17.6 When a chemical messenger helps initiate an inflammatory response by causing cellular changes in neighboring cells, it is demonstrating ___________ signaling. -autocrine -paracrine -allomone -pheromone correct answer: paracrine 17.7 Most hormones are made of chains of amino acids and are therefore -steroids. -biogenic amines. -proteins. -catecholamines. correct answer: proteins 17.8 Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood? -Autocrine hormone -Water-soluble hormone -Oligopeptide -Lipid-soluble hormone correct answer: Lipid-soluble hormone 17.9 The binding of a hormone and a carrier protein is _______; a very ______ fraction of such a hormone in the blood is bound to a carrier at any one point in time. -temporary; large -temporary; small -permanent; large -permanent; small correct answer: temporary; large 17.10 Generally, the shorter the half-life of a hormone -the more frequently it must be replaced. -the less frequently it must be replaced. correct answer: the more frequently it must be replaced 17.11 The half-life of a hormone is -one-half of the time it takes to synthesize the chemical messenger molecule. -the time necessary to reduce the hormone concentration in the blood to half of what had been secreted. -half the time until the hormone molecule dissolves. -half of the duration of the hormone's effects on its target cells throughout the body. correct answer: the time necessary to reduce the hormone concentration in the blood to half of what had been secreted. 17.12 When the effects of water-soluble hormones on their target cells are considered, the hormone itself is -the G protein. -the second messenger. -the first messenger. -the hormone-response element. -the phospholipase. correct answer: the first messenger 17.13 Within the adenylate cyclase signal transduction pathways of target cells, cAMP activates -the G protein. -adenylate cyclase. -protein kinase. -the receptor. -transcription of a mRNA. correct answer: protein kinase 17.14 In the signal transduction pathway that results in the formation of inositol triphosphate, the G protein directly