Biology EOC Questions And Answers

smallest to largest correct answer: Atoms→molecules/compounds→macromolecules (O2, H2O, CO2) (Macromolecules - carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) →organelles→cells→tissues→ organs → (ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria, etc) Organ systems →organisms→ species→ population →community →ecosystem→ biome→ biosphere List 4 major macromolecules correct answer: Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids Carbohydrates correct answer: Broken down to glucose to provide energy. Made of - monosaccharides (glucose & other simple sugars) and starches How do you get it - Simple Carbohydrates (fruit) & Complex Carbohydrates (pasta) What is it used for - Short term energy use/storage Proteins correct answer: Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues Made of - Amino Acids (nitrogen) How do you get it - Products that you eat(meat, dairy, bean products) What is it used for - Enzymes (Speed up reactions), hormones (send messages thru body), Structural (hair, nails, skin), antibodies Lipids correct answer: Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Made of - fatty acids and glycerol How do you get it - Unsaturated fats - liquid @ room temperature (oil) & Saturated fats - Solid @ room temp (steak fat) What is it used for - Long term energy storage Nucleic Acids correct answer: DNA and RNA Made of - nucleotides How do you get it - eating any plant or animal that has DNA in it What is it used for - Storing generic information & Protein synthesis (directs proteins) Enzymes correct answer: Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things (they are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the amount of energy needed which makes the reaction happen faster) - Used to break down food in your body and to build new molecules and organelles - used over and over again but are very specific in the reaction they participate in - they can be denatured or destroyed by changes in temperature, pH, or salt. List 2 types of cells correct answer: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Prokaryotic correct answer: -No nucleus or membrane bound organelles (chloroplast, mitochondria) -Simple & smaller than eukaryotic -Ex: all bacteria, eubacteria, protists Eukaryotic correct answer: -Has a nucleus & membrane bound organelles -More complex & larger than prokaryotic -All cells except bacteria Cell Theory correct answer: idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells Describe enzyme action in terms of activation energy correct answer: Enzymes act as a catalyst