Biology EOC Exam Review| 626 Questions| With Complete Solutions

What did Aristotle believe? correct answer: Species were fixed creations arranged by their complexity Who contributed to Darwin's thinking? correct answer: •Charles Lyell •Thomas Malthus •George Cuvier •James Hutton •John Baptiste Lamarck •Alfred Russell Wallace Charles Lyell correct answer: Uniformitarism (geologic processed still change earth) Principles of Geology correct answer: •published by Lyell just before Beagle set sail and read by Darwin •explained geological processes that shaped the earth •helped Darwin understand seashells in the Andes Mountains at 12,000+ feet •expanded earths age George Cuvier correct answer: •catastrophism (species extinction) • he studied fossils in sedimentary rock strata of Paris •found some species complementary disappeared in more recent layers Thomas Malthus correct answer: Struggle for existence (resources) James Hutton correct answer: •made theory of geologic change (gradualism) •studied invertebrate fossils in Paris museum •describes the geological forces that have changed life on earth over millions of years •changes in earths crust due to slow continuous processes (gradualism) John Baptiste Lamarck correct answer: •inheritance of acquired characteristics and law of use and disuse •one of the first scientists to understand change occurs over time •stated that changes are adaptations to environment acquired in an organisms lifetime •said acquired changes passed to offspring What are the theories/laws by Lamarck correct answer: 1. Law of use and disuse itance of acquired traits itance of acquired characteristics ncy towards perfection Law of use and disuse correct answer: •law Lamarck made up •if a body part were used, it got stronger •if a body part were NOT used, it deteriorated Inheritance of acquired characteristics correct answer: •Proposed That By Selective Use Or Disuse Of Organs, Organisms Acquired Or Lost Certain Traits During Their Lifetime ●These Traits Could Then Be Passed On To Their Offspring ●Over Time This Led To New Species Inheritance of acquired traits correct answer: Traits Acquired During Ones Lifetime Would Be Passed To Offspring Tendency towards perfection correct answer: Organisms are continually changing and Acquiring Features That Help Them Live More Successfully In Their Environment What were Lamarck's mistakes? correct answer: ●Lamarck Did NOT Know how traits were inherited (Traits are passed through genes) ●Genes Are NOT Changed By Activities In Life ●Change Through Mutation Occurs Before An Organism Is Born Aristotle correct answer: Believed species were fixed creations arranged by their complexity Alfred Russell Wallace correct answer: Organisms evolved from common ancestor Charles Darwin correct answer: •Naturalist ●5 Year Voyage around world ●Avid Collector of Flora & Fauna ●Astounded By Variety of Life What animals on the Galápagos Islands were unique? correct answer: 1. Tortoise 2. Iguanas es The Galápagos Islands correct answer: ●Small Group of Islands 1000 km West of South America •volcanic islands off the south coast ●Very Different Climates ●Animals On Islands Unique What did the Galápagos island species vary from? correct answer: From mainland species & from island-to-island species Tortoise correct answer: Each island had either long or short necks