Biology EOC Review Questions And Answers With Guaranteed Success

Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead? * correct answer: Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die. Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens? correct answer: The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together. A florist places a bouquet of white carnations in water containing blue dye. After a time, the flowers turn blue. What process helped the carnations to change color? correct answer: Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules Maria, after finding no cold sodas in the refrigerator, placed a can of soda in the freezer. She then proceeded to check her social networking site and forgot about the soda. Later that evening, her brother when to get some ice and it was brown. Maria's soda can had split open. What is the best explanation for what happened? correct answer: When the water froze, the space between water molecules expanded Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enable it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants? correct answer: Water exhibits cohesive behavior. Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon? correct answer: Water has a high heat capacity. Many fish and aquatic plants can survive a cold winter because the layer of ice that forms at the top of the lake insulates the water below and prevents the lake from freezing solid. What unique property of water contributes to this effect? correct answer: Water expands and becomes less dense when it freezes. Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent? correct answer: polarity and cohesion Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water makes it good at regulating temperature? correct answer: Water has a high capacity for heat. Two of the four principle classes of organic compounds are proteins and nucleic acids. What is the relationship between proteins and nucleic acids? correct answer: Nucleic acids contain the information to make proteins. Resistance to antibiotics results from variations in the genetic code of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which type of molecule encodes genetic information in Streptococcus pneumoniae? correct answer: nucleic acid In living organisms, lipids function mainly as: correct answer: Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes Which macromolecule makes up the majority of the cell membrane? correct answer: lipid Baby food manufacturers sometimes use proteases in their products. Proteases catalyze the breakdown of the proteins in these foods, making digestion easier for infants. Proteases are which of the following types of molecules? correct answer: enzyme Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin? correct answer: a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water-permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule? correct answer: lipid Like complex carbohydrates, proteins are macromolecules that serve many functions and can be chemically broken down and restructured. Both proteins and complex carbohydrates are which of the following? correct answer: polymers of smaller sub-units Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70 degrees Celsius or higher. At the temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected? correct answer: The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart. Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy? correct answer: When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction. Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that breaks down meat. If meat is coated with tenderizer and then placed in a refrigerator, predict how the enzyme might be affected? correct answer: It would break down the meat more slowly. As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine? correct answer: It becomes inactive. The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements? correct answer: Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.