Biology EOC and STAAR Exam Review (All the Quizizzes) Questions With Complete Solutions

The results shown in the picture were obtained using a technique known as gel electrophoresis. This technique separates mixtures of DNA. In the picture nine different samples of DNA are compared. Gel electrophoresis can be used to — correct answer: identify how closely two individuals are related The graphs show the reaction rate for an enzyme across a range of temperatures and pH. Based on these data, this enzyme functions best at what temperature and pH? correct answer: Temperature of 37°C and a pH of 6 Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms. Which organism is the LEAST related to the other three organisms? correct answer: Organism 2 In humans blood type is determined by the A, B, and O alleles. The A and B alleles are codominant to each other and dominant over the O allele. An individual with the AO genotype and an individual with the BO genotype can produce offspring with which of the following phenotypes? correct answer: A, B, AB, or O What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures? correct answer: Providing information to form proteins A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations? correct answer: Nerve cell and brain cell A sequence of a DNA template strand is shown. 3' TCC AAT GGC TTA TTT GCA 5' Which of these is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand? correct answer: Arginine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine – Arginine The Himalayan rabbit's habitat has cold, snowy winters and mild summers. The body is typically covered in white fur except for the nose, feet, tail, and ears, which are covered in black fur. A scientist shaved an area of white fur on the back of a Himalayan rabbit and placed an ice pack over the shaved area. The shaved area grew black fur. Which of these best explains why the hair that grew back where the ice pack was placed was black and not white? correct answer: The genes for black hair were activated by specific temperatures. The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated? correct answer: S phase Students are given data from an investigation that identified some of the chemical elements present in four different samples. Which sample was most likely DNA? correct answer: Sample 1 An advertisement for a health supplement for dogs claims to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments, as well as provide energy. Which two biomolecules must the supplement contain to provide these benefits? correct answer: Proteins and carbohydrates The diagram shows light- and dark-colored beetles that live on a tree. Which result is most likely to occur to the beetle population due to predation over time? correct answer: The number of light-colored beetles in the population will increase. In cattle the allele for cloven hooves (H) is dominant over the allele for mule-foot hooves (h). The phenotype for each trait is shown in this picture. What is the probability of cloven hooves in the offspring of parents that are heterozygous for the trait? correct answer: 75% Adaptations that result from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, which of the following best describes fitness? correct answer: Being able to survive, find a mate, and produce offspring. In the early 1900s, Thomas Hunt Morgan was among the first scientists to contribute to the chromosome theory of heredity. Morgan's investigations into heredity in fruit flies led him to propose that the event represented in the diagram sometimes occurs. Which statement about the event represented in the diagram is valid? correct answer: The event provides genetic diversity in eukaryotic cells. Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould researched the lenses of the eyes of fossil trilobites of different species. In 1972 they published a paper in which they described the tendency of a species to remain the same until a sudden change in the environment causes a new related species to appear. Which hypothesis was most challenged by the work of Eldredge and Gould? correct answer: Darwin's hypothesis that the development of species is a slow, gradual process Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism? correct answer: The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule. Scientists use zebra fish to study human genetic diseases because zebra fish and humans share many of the same genetic diseases. Which statement describes why zebra fish experience similar genetic diseases as humans? correct answer: Zebra fish have nucleotide sequences similar to those of humans. The relationships among different orders of millipedes are shown in the cladogram. Based on this cladogram, which statement best describes relationships among millipede orders? correct answer: Stemmiulida is more closely related to Merocheta than Penicillata is to Merocheta. Which of the following best describes these biomolecules? correct answer: Molecule X is a carbohydrate, and Molecule Y is a nucleic acid. This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle. What do the two arrows represent? correct answer: Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis. The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates. Which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humerus bones? correct answer: The primates shared a common ancestor. A certain mutation in the gene for hemoglobin results in the red blood cells becoming sticky, rigid, and irregularly shaped. These irregularly shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood throughout the body. A single base mutation is responsible for these irregularly shaped blood cells. Which of these mutations most likely results in the mutated hemoglobin gene? correct answer: Substitution The diagram illustrates the activity of vesicles during a cellular process. Which statement best explains the function of the vesicles? correct answer: Transporting packaged molecules from the Golgi apparatus to be released out of the cell The Indian leaf butterfly has traits that allow it to resemble a leaf. The bright colors of the monarch butterfly indicate that the butterfly tastes bad and can be poisonous. correct answer: The Indian leaf butterfly is able to avoid predators while the monarch butterfly warns predators away. The female reproductive and endocrine systems work interactively for which main purpose? correct answer: To control hormone levels to prepare the body for pregnancy In the 1880s, Louis Pasteur developed a method of weakening viruses. The weakened viruses could be injected into healthy individuals. How is this method effective in fighting viral diseases? correct answer: The immune system develops antibodies in response to the weakened viruses. Which of these best demonstrates mutualism between certain types of bacteria and humans? correct answer: Intestinal bacteria obtain nutrients from the gut and produce vitamin K used by humans. A student used a microscope to study four members of the phylum Ciliophora. Members of this phylum move when propelled by hundreds of tiny cilia. Although these organisms belong to the same phylum, they are classified as different — correct answer: species In the mid-1980s an aggressive strain of algae known as Caulerpa was accidentally introduced into the Mediterranean Sea when a seaside aquarium cleaned out its tanks. The algae contains a toxin that prevents native herbivores from consuming it. Caulerpa quickly spread over the sea floor, crowding out many species including sponges, corals, sea fans, and lobsters. Which statement explains the most likely impact Caulerpa has had on the biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea? correct answer: Caulerpa became dominant within the ecosystem and reduced the biodiversity. Plant roots have extensions called root hairs. These root hairs are important in the homeostasis of the plant. Which statement best explains the importance of the root hairs to the stems and leaves of the plant? correct answer: Root hairs increase the surface area of the roots for nutrient and water absorption.