Ohio Biology EOC Review| 93 Questions| With Complete solutions

What are genes? correct answer: Genes are sections of DNA that control a single genetic trait and code for a protein. What is differentiation of cells? correct answer: cells change to become different types of cells with specific jobs Why do cells differentiate? correct answer: to become specialized in structure and function, different genes are used in different cells. What is the central dogma of molecular biology? correct answer: DNA - RNA - Protein What process makes mRNA? correct answer: transcription What process makes proteins? correct answer: translation Name the base pairs in DNA correct answer: A-T G-C Name the base pairs in RNA correct answer: A + U, C + G What determines the shape of a protein? correct answer: sequence of amino acids What is genetic recombination? correct answer: the production of offspring with combinations of traits differing from either parent What are two types of genetic recombination? correct answer: crossing over and independent assortment Crossing over is correct answer: Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis. Independent assortment correct answer: Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes How can a mutation affect a protein? correct answer: It can change the protein, not make a protein, have a protein that doesn't stop, or not cause a change. Which mutations are cause larger changes to a protein? correct answer: Frameshift mutations, insertion/deletion. Why is a DNA mutation harmful? correct answer: A mRNA sequence will always have the mutation. A mutation on mRNA isn't as bad, as mRNA can be repaired if damaged. Is DNA identical in all cells? correct answer: Yes! Complete dominance correct answer: a relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another Incomplete dominance correct answer: Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele, causing a mix of traits. Codominance correct answer: A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive, and both traits are