HBS // Final Exam Review| 547 Questions | With Complete Solutions

Describe an example that demonstrates how one human body system impacts the effectiveness of another. correct answer: if the nervous system does not give a signal to certain glands in the endocrine system, hormones do not get released when they should, which can impact body function Describe three body processes or functions that all humans have in common. correct answer: (1) All humans excrete liquid waste through the urinary system, which filters out waste products and recycles water and certain ions back through the body. (2) All humans' heart muscle contracts, which moves blood throughout the body via arteries and veins. (3) All humans experience muscle contractions that produce movement. These contractions are caused by the electrical signals from the nervous system. What are the benefits of using universal terms and anatomical position to refer to location on the human body? How do they help identify all humans? correct answer: It gives medical professionals a common language so that they can refer to a specific part of the human body and other medical professionals will know exactly which location on the body they are referring to. These terms are helpful for all humans. Although there are differences between humans, these anatomical reference points exist in every human being and can therefore be used to identify every human. What does it mean if a doctor says he/she is about to dissect the distal end of the popliteal artery? correct answer: The popliteal region is the back of the knee. Since distal refers to being further away from the point of attachment (as opposed to proximal, which is closer to the point of attachment), then the distal end of the popliteal would be the end furthest away from the hip socket where the leg is connected to the rest of the body. Therefore, it would be the lower portion of the popliteal artery (the part of the back of the knee closest to the foot). Tissue correct answer: A group of similar cells designed to carry out a specific function. Cells correct answer: main function: transportation of molecules, conversion of energy, and reproduction Neurons correct answer: Nerve cells that transmit nerve signals to and from the brain. Consists of a cell body with branching signal receivers and axon, which conduct the nerve signal. Cartilage correct answer: (connective tissue) provides support, less rigid than the bone. Allows flexibility of movement, more stability than muscle. Produced by cells called chondroblasts. Blood correct answer: Supplies nutrients to cells. Tendons correct answer: (connective tissue) Usually connects muscle to the bone. Capable of withstanding tension. Similar to ligaments. Ligaments correct answer: (connective tissue) Connect bone to another bone. Serves to hold structures together and keep them stable. Mandible correct answer: lower jaw Maxilla correct answer: upper jaw and mouth Zygomatic Process correct answer: cheek bone Frontal Bone correct answer: forehead Temporal Bone correct answer: underneath the tempal Parietal Bone correct answer: back of skull Orbicularis Oculi correct answer: muscle that closes eyelids, helps you blink, major component of eyelid. Orbicularis Oris correct answer: a muscle that encircles the mouth. controls movement of the mouth and lips. Temporalis correct answer: fan shaped muscle on each side of the head. covers much of the temporal bone. Lifts the lower jaw to open the mouth. How does the distribution of tissues contribute to our appearance and to our identity? correct answer: One major way that we get our appearance is by the shape of our skeleton (determined by the distribution of our bone connective tissue). Our muscle tissue is also unique, which can give us a more or less full figure. Fat (or adipose) tissue, as we have seen on our Maniken, can also determine things like the shape of the cheeks and the eyes. Think about the action of the muscles you have built on your maniken. Describe specific motions that you would not be able to complete if you damaged your temporalis, your orbicularis oculi or your orbicularis oris. How would this affect your ability to communicate? correct answer: If the temporalis was damaged, it would be difficult to open and close your mouth. This would obviously make it more difficult to form words. (And it would affect your ability to chew food, not that this has much to do with communication.) If you damaged your orbicularis oculi, you would not be able to blink or wink. We show many different emotions by raising or lowering our eyelids, so facial expression would be much more difficult without the orbicularis oculi. If you damaged your orbicularis oris, you would have difficulty opening and closing your mouth, which is crucial for forming words correctly. Also, it would be difficult to communicate to someone that you want to kiss them if you can't pucker your lips. Which of the following bones was not used to help us es