HBS Final Review| 1567 Questions| With Complete Solutions

An insoluble fibrous protein of vertebrates that is the chief constituent of the fibrils of connective tissue (as in skin and tendons) and of the organic substance of bones. correct answer: Collagen Animal tissue that functions mainly to bind and support other tissues, having a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix. correct answer: Connective Tissue The sensitive vascular inner mesodermic layer of the skin. correct answer: Dermis A protein that is similar to collagen and is the chief constituent of elastic fibers. correct answer: Elastin A hormone produced in the brain and anterior pituitary that inhibits pain perception . correct answer: Endorphin The outer nonsensitive and nonvascular layer of the skin of a vertebrate that overlies the dermis. correct answer: Epidermis A membranous cellular tissue that covers a free surface or lines a tube or cavity of an animal body and serves especially to enclose and protect the other parts of the body, to produce secretions and excretions, and to function in assimilation. correct answer: Epithelium A gland (as a sweat gland, a salivary gland, or a kidney) that releases a secretion external to or at the surface of an organ by means of a canal or duct. correct answer: Exocrine gland A mild burn characterized by heat, pain, and reddening of the burned surface but not exhibiting blistering or charring of tissues. correct answer: First-degree burn Any of various sulfur-containing fibrous proteins that form the chemical basis of epidermal tissues (as hair and nails) and are typically not digested by enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract. correct answer: Keratin Any of various black, dark brown, reddish brown, or yellow pigments of animal or plant structures (as in skin and hair). correct answer: Melanin Basic bodily sensation that is induced by a noxious stimulus, is received by naked nerve endings, is characterized by physical discomfort (as pricking, throbbing, or aching), and typically leads to evasive action. correct answer: Pain Any of the small sacculated glands lodged in the substance of the derma, usually opening into the hair follicles, and secreting an oily or greasy material composed in great part of fat which softens and lubricates the hair and skin. correct answer: Sebaceous gland A burn marked by pain, blistering, and superficial destruction of dermis with edema and hyperemia of the tissues beneath the burn. correct answer: Second-degree burn Severe burn characterized by destruction of the skin through the depth of the dermis and possibly into underlying tissues, loss of fluid, and sometimes shock. correct answer: Third-degree burn A soft highly vascular modified connective tissue that occupies the cavities and cancellous part of most bones and occurs in two forms - yellow and red. correct answer: Bone marrow The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption and osteoclast activity, and later, reactive bone formation by osteoblast activity. correct answer: Bone remodeling A polypeptide hormone especially from the thyroid gland that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma. correct answer: Calcitonin A growth of new bone tissue in and around a fractured area, ultimately replaced by mature bone. correct answer: Callus A usually translucent somewhat elastic tissue that composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos and except for a small number of structures (as some joints, respiratory passages, and the external ear) is replaced by bone during ossification in the higher vertebrates. correct answer: Cartilage Bone tissue that contains few spaces between osteons; forms the external portion of all bones and the bulk of the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones. correct answer: Compact bone The shaft of a long bone. correct answer: Diaphysis The end of a long bone, usually larger in diameter than the shaft. correct answer: Epiphysis The breaking of hard tissue (as bone). correct answer: Fracture A bone-forming cell. correct answer: Osteoblast Any of the large multinucleate cells closely associated with areas of bone resorption (as in a fracture that is healing). correct answer: Osteoclast Cell that is characteristic of adult bone and is isolated in a lacuna of the bone substance. correct answer: Osteocyte A hormone of the parathyroid gland that regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the body. correct answer: Parathyroid hormone Bone tissue that consists of an irregular latticework of thin plates of bone called trabeculae; found inside short, flat, and irregular bones and in the epiphyses of long bone. correct answer: Spongy (cancellous) bone Clumping of microorganisms or blood cells, typically due to an antigen-antibody interaction. correct answer: Agglutination Alternate forms of a single gene that control the same inherited trait (such as type A blood) and are located at the same position on homologous chromosomes. correct answer: Alleles An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by B cells, that functions as the effector in an immune response. correct answer: Antibody A foreign macromolecule that does not belong to the host organism and elicits and immune response. correct answer: Antigen A type of lymphocyte that develops in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies, which mediate humoral immunity. correct answer: B lymphocyte (B cell) One of the classes (as A, B, AB, or O) into which individual vertebrates and especially human beings or their blood can be separated on the basis of the presence or absence of specific antigens in the blood. correct answer: Blood type (group) A usually clear fluid that passes from intercellular spaces of body tissue into the lymphatic vessels, is discharged into the blood by way of the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct, and resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells