Multi Store Model (Atkinson And Shiffrin) 8 Marker plan
- It’s a theoretical framework for understanding human memory
- Information is encoded and then stored in the short or long memory. When it’s needed it’s INTRODUCTION:
retrieval or then it is forgotten. The capacity and duration of the store is how long the The multi store model is a theoretical framework for
memory will last. understanding human memory
Short PARAGRAPH 1: STRENGTH
term AO1: MSM suggests that there are three stores that
Memory encode information differently.
Baddeley study shows that STM encoded acoustically
and LTM semantically
AO3: Research evidence; Baddeley’s study, he found
that when using STM we mix up sound and using LTM
STRENGTH WEAKNESS we mix up meaning
Sensory Short- Long-term
Research evidence- Competing argument- PARAGRAPH 2: WEAKNESS
register term store stores AO1: The MSM is too simplistic
Baddeley; when using STM we mix up Campitelli argues that the STM and LTM
sound and using LTM we mix up meaning are integrated AO3: Working memory model is better model,Baddeley
shows STM is encoded acoustically and showed that STM is more than just one simple unitary
Encoding Depend Acoustic Sematic LTM is encoded semantically More than in type of STM- Shallice and store and is comprises of different
Warrington; there is more than one type of components(CE,VSS,PLl )
of which and
sense- verbal STM capacity - STM suggested by amnesia case (KF)
Miller; noted that number 7 is used a lot in They ask KF to recall digits and he recalls PARAGRAPH 3: STRENGTH
haptic, AO1: The STM has a capacity of 5-9 items
everyday life suggesting that STM better when he read the digits himself,
offertory, capacity is 5-9 items than when it was read aloud, it shows that AO3: This information can be applied to improve
gustatory. could be a short term store for non verbal memory, Researcher have come up with a process called
iconic, STM duration- sounds chunking where you group items together so there are
acoustic Peterson's; found STM duration 18- 20 less items
sec from a study. In which participants Working memory model is better model
recalled trigrams while performing an Working memory model is better PARAGRAPH 4: WEAKNESS
interference task to prevent rehearsal and model,Baddeley showed that STM is AO1: The MSM suggests there is only one STM and that
found that less than 10% recalled the more than just one simple unitary store it encodes acoustically
information after 18 seconds and is comprises of different AO3: Shallice and Warrington found that their participant
components(CE,VSS,PLl ) KF can recalls digits better when he read the digits
Storage 1/2 sec 18-20 sec Lifetime LTM duration- himself, rather than when it was read aloud to him, it
duration Bahrick; pp remembered classmates after Lab experiment lacks ecological validity shows that could be a STM for non verbal sounds
50 years
CONCLUSION:
Storage High 5-9 items Unlimited Practical Application -
capacity To improve memory using chunking . Not a good model for explaining memory
method, group items, so they fit in the . Has some practical use and supporting evidence
limited space in STM . But it too simplistic and doesn’t explain cases like
amnesia,like how some people can’t remember what they
had for breakfast but can remember maths formulas
. WMM might be a better explanation
, Working Memory Model ( Baddeley) STRENGTH WEAKNESS 8 Marker plan
Focuses on the short term memory
INTRODUCTION:
CENTRAL EXECUTIVE (CE) Baddeley WMM is an explanation of STM
. Supervisory role
. Focuses on dividing and switching our limited attention Supporting evidence- CE lacks clarity- PARAGRAPH 1: STRENGTH
Baddeley( dual task Baddeley said ‘CE iS AO1: WMM suggest that the STM is made up of CE,PL,VSS and
. Maintains incoming data, decisions and allocating slave
performance study) the most important but episodic buffer and that VSS stores visual and spatial information
subsystems to tasks whereas PL stores auditory information
. Has limited processing capacity and doesn't store participants least understood’
AO3: Baddeley( dual task performance study)
information performance when Researchers suspect
doing a visual and there is another PARAGRAPH 2: WEAKNESS
PHONOLOGICAL LOOP (PL) verbal was no different subcomponent ( AO1: WMM suggest that CE is an attentional processor
. Deals with auditory info and preserves the order of the if done separately but conscious attention and AO3: However there is a lack of clarity about the CE Baddeley said ‘CE
decreased when two unconscious automatic iS the most important but least understood’
info
visual tasks were done process) which suggest Researchers suspect there is another subcomponent ( conscious
. Capacity of 2 seconds attention and unconscious automatic process) which suggest the model
2 parts: at the same time, the model in incomplete
in incomplete
. Phonological store - stores auditory info shows that VSS and PL also the model only
. Articulatory process - allows maintenance of rehearsal are separate slaves explains memory in the PARAGRAPH 3: STRENGTH
'loop' keeps the info in phonological store short term AO1: VSS stores visual and spatial information whereas PL stores
Practical application- auditory information
To help understanding Competing argument- AO3: The model as practical application as it can be used to help
VISUO-SPATIAL SKETCH PAD (VSS)
amnesia; Brain injuries are understanding amnesia;Shallice and Warrington studied KF who can
. Temporarily stores visual and spatial info recall words when he has read them but not when they were read
. Capacity of 3-4 objects Shallice and isolated case so we
aloud,suggests that his PL was damaged but not VSS. Shows that
Logie says that it VSS can be divided into 2 subdivided Warrington studied KF can't generalise the amnesia does not affect all part of the memory which is explain by the
. Visual cache- stores visual data who can recall words finding and it heard to WMM
. Inner scribe - process that allows you to rehearse when he has read them check their validity
visual and spatial info but not when they were PARAGRAPH 4: WEAKNESS tk
read aloud,suggests AO1:
that his PL was AO3:
EPISODIC BUFFER
. Added in 2000 damaged but not VSS.
CONCLUSION:
. Temporary store that integrates acoustic,visual and Shows that amnesia
spatial info processed by other system does not affect all part
. Maintains time sequence of the memory which is
. Capacity of 4 chunks explain by the WMM
The central executive function is to monitor the overall memory
systems (1) rather than acting as an information storage
system (1). This means it allocates the cognitive memory tasks
to the appropriate subsystems
- It’s a theoretical framework for understanding human memory
- Information is encoded and then stored in the short or long memory. When it’s needed it’s INTRODUCTION:
retrieval or then it is forgotten. The capacity and duration of the store is how long the The multi store model is a theoretical framework for
memory will last. understanding human memory
Short PARAGRAPH 1: STRENGTH
term AO1: MSM suggests that there are three stores that
Memory encode information differently.
Baddeley study shows that STM encoded acoustically
and LTM semantically
AO3: Research evidence; Baddeley’s study, he found
that when using STM we mix up sound and using LTM
STRENGTH WEAKNESS we mix up meaning
Sensory Short- Long-term
Research evidence- Competing argument- PARAGRAPH 2: WEAKNESS
register term store stores AO1: The MSM is too simplistic
Baddeley; when using STM we mix up Campitelli argues that the STM and LTM
sound and using LTM we mix up meaning are integrated AO3: Working memory model is better model,Baddeley
shows STM is encoded acoustically and showed that STM is more than just one simple unitary
Encoding Depend Acoustic Sematic LTM is encoded semantically More than in type of STM- Shallice and store and is comprises of different
Warrington; there is more than one type of components(CE,VSS,PLl )
of which and
sense- verbal STM capacity - STM suggested by amnesia case (KF)
Miller; noted that number 7 is used a lot in They ask KF to recall digits and he recalls PARAGRAPH 3: STRENGTH
haptic, AO1: The STM has a capacity of 5-9 items
everyday life suggesting that STM better when he read the digits himself,
offertory, capacity is 5-9 items than when it was read aloud, it shows that AO3: This information can be applied to improve
gustatory. could be a short term store for non verbal memory, Researcher have come up with a process called
iconic, STM duration- sounds chunking where you group items together so there are
acoustic Peterson's; found STM duration 18- 20 less items
sec from a study. In which participants Working memory model is better model
recalled trigrams while performing an Working memory model is better PARAGRAPH 4: WEAKNESS
interference task to prevent rehearsal and model,Baddeley showed that STM is AO1: The MSM suggests there is only one STM and that
found that less than 10% recalled the more than just one simple unitary store it encodes acoustically
information after 18 seconds and is comprises of different AO3: Shallice and Warrington found that their participant
components(CE,VSS,PLl ) KF can recalls digits better when he read the digits
Storage 1/2 sec 18-20 sec Lifetime LTM duration- himself, rather than when it was read aloud to him, it
duration Bahrick; pp remembered classmates after Lab experiment lacks ecological validity shows that could be a STM for non verbal sounds
50 years
CONCLUSION:
Storage High 5-9 items Unlimited Practical Application -
capacity To improve memory using chunking . Not a good model for explaining memory
method, group items, so they fit in the . Has some practical use and supporting evidence
limited space in STM . But it too simplistic and doesn’t explain cases like
amnesia,like how some people can’t remember what they
had for breakfast but can remember maths formulas
. WMM might be a better explanation
, Working Memory Model ( Baddeley) STRENGTH WEAKNESS 8 Marker plan
Focuses on the short term memory
INTRODUCTION:
CENTRAL EXECUTIVE (CE) Baddeley WMM is an explanation of STM
. Supervisory role
. Focuses on dividing and switching our limited attention Supporting evidence- CE lacks clarity- PARAGRAPH 1: STRENGTH
Baddeley( dual task Baddeley said ‘CE iS AO1: WMM suggest that the STM is made up of CE,PL,VSS and
. Maintains incoming data, decisions and allocating slave
performance study) the most important but episodic buffer and that VSS stores visual and spatial information
subsystems to tasks whereas PL stores auditory information
. Has limited processing capacity and doesn't store participants least understood’
AO3: Baddeley( dual task performance study)
information performance when Researchers suspect
doing a visual and there is another PARAGRAPH 2: WEAKNESS
PHONOLOGICAL LOOP (PL) verbal was no different subcomponent ( AO1: WMM suggest that CE is an attentional processor
. Deals with auditory info and preserves the order of the if done separately but conscious attention and AO3: However there is a lack of clarity about the CE Baddeley said ‘CE
decreased when two unconscious automatic iS the most important but least understood’
info
visual tasks were done process) which suggest Researchers suspect there is another subcomponent ( conscious
. Capacity of 2 seconds attention and unconscious automatic process) which suggest the model
2 parts: at the same time, the model in incomplete
in incomplete
. Phonological store - stores auditory info shows that VSS and PL also the model only
. Articulatory process - allows maintenance of rehearsal are separate slaves explains memory in the PARAGRAPH 3: STRENGTH
'loop' keeps the info in phonological store short term AO1: VSS stores visual and spatial information whereas PL stores
Practical application- auditory information
To help understanding Competing argument- AO3: The model as practical application as it can be used to help
VISUO-SPATIAL SKETCH PAD (VSS)
amnesia; Brain injuries are understanding amnesia;Shallice and Warrington studied KF who can
. Temporarily stores visual and spatial info recall words when he has read them but not when they were read
. Capacity of 3-4 objects Shallice and isolated case so we
aloud,suggests that his PL was damaged but not VSS. Shows that
Logie says that it VSS can be divided into 2 subdivided Warrington studied KF can't generalise the amnesia does not affect all part of the memory which is explain by the
. Visual cache- stores visual data who can recall words finding and it heard to WMM
. Inner scribe - process that allows you to rehearse when he has read them check their validity
visual and spatial info but not when they were PARAGRAPH 4: WEAKNESS tk
read aloud,suggests AO1:
that his PL was AO3:
EPISODIC BUFFER
. Added in 2000 damaged but not VSS.
CONCLUSION:
. Temporary store that integrates acoustic,visual and Shows that amnesia
spatial info processed by other system does not affect all part
. Maintains time sequence of the memory which is
. Capacity of 4 chunks explain by the WMM
The central executive function is to monitor the overall memory
systems (1) rather than acting as an information storage
system (1). This means it allocates the cognitive memory tasks
to the appropriate subsystems
