Hypertension Aquifer Case Questions And Answers With Complete Solutions

what is the difference between essential and secondary hypertension? correct answer: essential HTN- no identifiable etiology exists (more common in adults) secondary hypertension there is an identifiable and potentially treatable etiolgy causes of secondary hypertension correct answer: (1) sleep apnea (2) use of cocaine, stimulants (3) chronic kidney disease (4) primary hyperaldosteronism (5) renovascular disease (6) Cushing's syndrome or steroid use (7) pheochromocytoma (8) coarctation of the aorta (9) thyroid or parathyroid disease when do you think about secondary causes of hypertension in a patient? correct answer: (1) hypertension presents in very young or in older patients (2) when one of the diagnoses listed above is suggested by history, physical exam, or laboratory findings (3) when the patient's hypertension is resistant to therapy (blood pressure remains poorly controlled on three medications including a diuretic) what are risk factors for developing hypertension? correct answer: obesity excessive alcohol hypertension places patients at risk for correct answer: (1) stroke (2) cardiovascular disease (3) heart failure (4) kidney disease higher the BP, the higher the risk modifiable RF for HTN that you should review with patient's newly diagnosed w HTN correct answer: (1) *excessive alcohol* (2) *excessive salt*- processed foods (3) cocaine risk factors for vascular disease correct answer: (1) elevated blood pressure (2) type 2 DM (3) smoking What is a hypertensive emergency? correct answer: BP >180/110 --> associated w/ symptoms of acute end-organ damage including *acute coronary syndrome*, *renal failure*, *retinal hemorrhages*, *stroke* what are physical exam pieces of evidence of *long-standing hypertension* correct answer: (1) *retinopathy*