C464 Study Guide 1 with complete solutions

Four Challenges of Communication 1. Requires significant intellent and psychological 2. Not everone values commuication 3. We are over relant on digital media 4. We live in a diverse world linear communication model communicating a message that flows in one direction What are the 5 phases of the Linear Model 1. Deciding 2. Encoding 3. Transmitting 4. Perceiving 5. Decoding Phases of the Transactional Modle 6. feedback 7. Context 8. At the same time Deciding Phase Phase 1 of the Linear Model. The sender selects the message Encoding Phase Phase 2 of the Linear Model Involves assigning words, written or spoken, to the ideas. Transmitting Phase Phase 3 of the Linear Model Once the ideas have been selected and put to words, the message is delivered. Perseving Phase Phase 4 of the Linear Model Once the sender decides on the idea, puts it to words, and delivers the message, the message is perceived by the receiver Decoding Phase Phase 5 The receiver assigns meaning to the message Transactional Model A model of communication that adds in feedback and context to the communication model What is the Context/Enviorment of a message? refers to the environment and situation in which communication occurs. What is the Role of a person in the communicating a message? describes the expectations on a person in a particular setting What is it meant when a Rule is placed for communicating a message? are guidelines that people are expected to follow. What are the three elements of commuication comptetence? 1. Appropriat: being alert to and aware of what behaviors are appropriate in light of the context 2.Deliver: skills to execute the message effectivly, simply saying the message is not enough. 3. Motivation: may vary according to the situation and even the hour of the day. Stages of the Perception Process 1. Selection 2. Organization 3. Interpretation What are the four types of the Selection Process? 1. Exposure 2. Attention 3. Selecting and Filtering 4. selective recall of information Exposure-Selection Process? states that we will attend to information that reinforces existing beliefs and disregard information that is at odds with our current position. Attention-Selection Process once we are engaged in a particular interaction, we focus on certain information and ignore other information. Filltering-Selection Process we begin to apply our own unique experiences to the message Recall-Selection Process we remember things that we agree with rather than things that are contrary to our beliefs. What are the 4 way we organize information? 1. Figure/Ground 2. Closure 3. Proximity 4. Simliarity Figure and Ground Perception Process referes to how what we pay attention to the situation. What is in front of us and what is behind us. Closure of organizing information Perception Process is our ability to fill in missing information to complete the perception of a situation Poximity of organizing information Perception Process distance; physical closeness, in relation to the situation Similartiy of organizing information Perception Process the degree to which something shares attributes with other stimuli. Interterpration of organzing information Perception Process we assign meaning to stimuli. The why? What influences our Perception 1. Biological 2. Past Experinces 3.Idenity of who we are 4. Internal state how we are feeling on that day Self-concept refers to the way you define yourself Self-esteem is the degree to which you approve of, value, and like the concept that you have of yourself. What the the erros of perception 1. Stereotype 2. Attribution 3. Fundamental attribution a. Locus of causation b.Self-serving bias What is a Sterotype Erro involves assuming a standard, generalized profile of an individual, because he or she belongs to a group. What is an Attribution Erro occur when, in interpreting our own or others' behavior, we rely on faulty explanations, reasons, or information. What is a Fundamental attributin erro "Others" External: when someone we known successeds it because they know the boss, have money, is well contected Internal: when someone we known does not sucessed it is their fault lazy, late all the time What is a Self-serving attribution erro "Myself" Interanl: I sucessed becaus I deserve it; I work hard, I am on time, no one helped me get here External: I was not my fault What is locus of causation refers to whether the communicator's behavior was motivated by an internal state or externally Waht is self-perservation keeping oneself from harm or injury What are the 4 steps in effective self-presentation managment 1. Set goals 2.Create a strategy 3. Execute and evaluate the strategy 4.Modify negative perceptions How can we define culture? 1. Values and Beliefs 2.Lifestyle a person has 3. Items a person buys 4 Laws and customs one follows Five primary characteristics of culture and co-cultural 1. individualism and collectivism, context and low context, power distance and low power distance, linity and femininity, hronism and monochronism. What is a co-culture? smaller groups inside a culture: book club, pilates classes, meat eater Charcteristic of culture Individulism Emphasizes personal independence and the rights of individuals over interdependence Charcteristic of culture Collectivism giving priority to the placement inside the group Charcteristic of culture high-context culture rely on non-verbal communication. Understand power of silence rely on physical setting, let other make decision for themselves