C464 assessment test fully solved.

Challenges of Communication significant intellectual and psychological resources. Not everyone we encounter will appreciate the value of communication. *We may over-rely on digitally mediated communication. *We live in a diverse world where intercultural understanding can be difficult. Effective Communication Strategies 1) Determine how to deliver a message by developing the ability to understand and predict the needs and potential responses of others. 2) During communication, be aware the feedback we receive from others to assess whether our approach is creating the meanings we intend in the minds of other communicators. 3) After an interaction: pause, reflect, and evaluate both the process and outcome of communication in order to determine the next steps. Linear Model of Communication -Deciding on the message. A sender selects a message to send to a receiver in order to achieve a desired outcome. -Encoding the message. Encoding refers to a psychological process in which the sender of a message assigns symbols, such as words, sounds, or gestures, to his or her thoughts and feelings. -Transmitting the message. A message is "sent" from sender to receiver, using a particular channel that is selected by the sender. The channel is the medium that carries the message, such as email, telephone, face-to-face communication, or a written document. -Perceiving the message. When a receiver detects that a message has been sent, he or she attends to it and perceives it in some fashion. -Decoding and assigning meaning to the message. When a receiver assigns meaning to the message that has been communicated, he or she is engaging in a psychological process known as decoding. The receiver translates the symbols (words, sounds, and gestures) perceived into thoughts and feelings. Noise Any auditory, visual, or psychological distraction that interferes with the sending and receiving of messages. Transactional Model The addition of feedback, along with consideration of the factors that make accurate decoding of messages difficult. Communication is a simultaneous, interactive process and during interactions, communicators mutually influence one another—making the process a transaction in which all communicators are affected in some way. Competent Communicator Sense What Is Appropriate in a Given Situation. Build and Develop Their Communication Skills. Look for ways to improve their skills by taking courses, reading books, participating in training and development workshops, communicating with a wide range of people and in many situations, and reflecting on the feedback they receive. Motivation of Competent Communicator Even the most astute, skilled communicator may at times lack the drive to communicate and your drive may vary according to the situation and even the hour of the day. Stages of Perception Selection, Organization, Interpretation Selection Stage of Perception 1) SELECTIVE EXPOSURE states that we will attend to information that reinforces existing beliefs and disregard information that is at odds with our current position. SELECTIVE ATTENTION illustrates how, once we are engaged in a particular interaction, we focus on certain information and ignore other information. SELECTIVE PERCEPTION - we begin to apply our own unique experiences to the message—our inclination to see, hear, and believe what we want to see, hear, and believe. SELECTIVE RECALL of information; that is, we remember things that we agree with rather than things that are contrary to our beliefs. Organization Stage of Perception 1) distinguishing between figure and ground. Figure refers to the foreground or point of emphasis for your attention. Ground represents the background of the particular stimuli that capture your focused attention. 2) Closure is our ability to fill in missing information to complete a perception. 3) proximity, or physical closeness, in relation to other information. 4) similarity, or the degree to which something shares attributes with other stimuli. Interpretation Stage of Perception The stage during which we assign meaning to stimuli. Our perceived meaning relies on both our internal states and the characteristics of the stimuli themselves. Factors that Influence perception 1) Biological Factors are how well you see or hear, your height, and even how well you smell can affect how you perceive the stimuli around you. 2) Past experiences, relationships, and the roles that you were assigned and played within those experiences have a tremendous impact on your perceptions of others. 3) Identity, or the ways in which you express your cultural and group affiliations, has a strong impact on how you perceive the world. 4) Current Internal States involves how they are feeling like hungry or tired. Self concept The way you define yourself, who you think you are Self Esteem How you define yourself, self-judgement Attribution Error When interpreting our own or others' behavior, we rely on faulty explanations, reasons, or information. Fundamental Attribution Error The mistake we make when we attribute other people's positive characteristics and successes to external, situational factors, and their negative characteristics and failures to aspects of who they are. Attributing success to luck. Loss of causation Whether the communicator's behavior was motivated by an internal state (such as intelligence, compassion, or honesty) or an external factor (such as resources, luck, favoritism, or the situation). Self serving bias When we succeed, we give credit to ourselves and our qualities or traits. When we fail, we blame the situation or others instead of own that it might have been our fault. Impression managment Deliberate use of verbal and nonverbal messages to create a particular impression among others. Self Presentation 1) Set a goal 2) Create a strategy 3) Execute strategy and evaluate results 4) Modify negative perceptions Culture * Values and beliefs that they share (hard work and devotion to God and family) *Lifestyles they lead (members of the Church are predominantly vegetarian) *Products that they buy (active members of the Facebook group "Buy American") *Holidays they observe (Hanukkah, Christmas) *Rules that they follow (those living on a Native American reservation follow the rules of their tribal authority rather than state laws) Globalization The process of our world becoming ever more connected in economic, political, organizational, and personal terms as transportation and telecommunication systems improve in the late 20th and early 21st century. Cultural communication obstacles Individualism, Collectivism, Low-Context, High- Context, High Power Distance, Low Power Distance, Masculinity, Femininity, Mono-chronic, Poly-chronic, Ethnocentrism Indiviualism People who are assertive and speak for themselves, independent, and not reliant on others to any great extent. Collectivism Community members value their membership in their particular in-group to such an extent that they place a greater importance on their role within the group than their role as an individual. Low-Context When communicators require explicit or clear verbal messages to understand a message. They will be exact, verbally precise, and clear. Excessively detailed, and in situations that call for evidence (such as public speaking and business presentations), they will rely on extensive statistics, facts, and figures to help support their case. High-Context Rely more on nonverbal communication than straightforward verbal messages. They understand the power of silence in making a point, and they will rely on the physical setting more often than words to communicate meaning. They are less interested in telling people what to do and think or how to do something, are more likely to let others make up their own mind based on the interaction.